Tamilmanam International Research Journal of Tamil Studies
Tamilmanam International Research Journal of Tamil Studies ISSN: 3049-0723 Online is a pioneering multidisciplinary Multilingual online journal dedicated to the rich and varied field of Tamil studies. Published monthly from India, this journal serves as an essential platform for researchers, academics, and students eager to share their insights, research findings, and innovative ideas in the realms of Tamil language, literature, culture, history, and more. In an era where academic discourse is becoming increasingly digital and accessible, Tamilmanam stands out as a beacon for those seeking to contribute to and engage with the Tamil intellectual community worldwide. Name of Journal : Tamilmanam International Research Journal of Tamil Studies Variant Title (In Regional) தமிழ்மணம் சர்வதேச தமிழ் ஆய்வு இதழ் Journal Abbreviation: Tamilmanam IRJTS Journal Category : Multidisciplinary Year of Journal Started : 2024 Publishing frequency: Monthly Publication Format : Online Mode Publication language: Multi Language Tamil (தமிழ்) & English Publisher : Department of Library Nallamuthu Gounder Mahalingam College Publisher Address: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Nallamuthu+Gounder+Mahalingam+College/@10.6636515,76.9942182,17z/data=!4m14!1m7!3m6!1s0x3ba838331c739ae9:0xe3dc6665316c5869!2sNallamuthu+Gounder+Mahalingam+College!8m2!3d10.6636515!4d76.9967931!16s%2Fg%2F11gbldrzfk!3m5!1s0x3ba838331c739ae9:0xe3dc6665316c5869!8m2!3d10.6636515!4d76.9967931!16s%2Fg%2F11gbldrzfk?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MTAyMi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D">90, Palghat Road, Pollachi 642001 Publication Guidelines : Follow the author's guidelines Editor in Chief: Dr. B. Aruljothi, M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D., NET Profile Review Process : Open Peer Review Method Acceptance Period : Based on review 1 to 2 weeks.
Department of Library, Nallamuthu Gounder Mahalingam College Autonomous - Pollachi 642001 Tamilnadu, INDIA e-Mail : ngm@ngmc.org
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Tribal literature occupies a significant place in Tamil Literary studies as it records the socio-cultural and Ecological realities of indigenous communities. S. Balamurugan’s Solakar Thoddy is an important Tamil Novel that vividly portrays the life, culture, and ecological worldview of the Solakar tribal community. This study examines the novel from an eco-feminist perspective to explore the interconnectedness of women and nature. The study analyzes the nature-centered lifestyle of the tribal community, indigenous ecological knowledge, forest-based beliefs and rituals, and the impact of social and power structures on their livelihood. Particular attention is given to the role of women in preserving cultural traditions, ecological practices, and community values despite various forms of marginalization. The findings reveal that the novel not only documents tribal ecological consciousness but also emphasizes environmental conservation, indigenous knowledge, and sustainable living from an eco-feminist perspective.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
எஸ்.காமராஜ் என்னும் கரிசலின் தனிக்குரல்: ‘ஒரு வன தேவதையும் ரெண்டு பொன்வண்டுகளும்’ நூலை முன்வைத்து
The short story collection Oru Vanadevathaiyum Rendu Ponvandukalum holds a significant place in modern Tamil literature, especially within the tradition of Karisal literature. From the pioneering works of writers such as Ku. Alagirisamy and Ki. Rajanarayanan, many authors have portrayed the everyday lives, culture, and experiences of the people living in the Karisal region. However, S. Kamaraj's writings differ from this broader tradition in their strong focus on the lives of oppressed and marginalized communities. Through his stories, he brings to light their struggles, aspirations, and social realities, offering a perspective that is often overlooked. This distinctive approach gives S. Kamaraj a unique place among Karisal writers. By analyzing the short story collection Oru Vanadevathaiyum Rendu Ponvandukalum, this paper highlights the author's contribution to Karisal literature and examines how his portrayal of oppressed communities enriches and expands the scope of the genre.
முருகன் - பெயர்களும் பின்புலங்களும்: சங்க இலக்கியம், நாட்டார் வழக்காறுகள் மற்றும் பிற சமயத் தாக்கங்கள் பற்றிய சமூக-பண்பாட்டு ஆய்வு
This research paper extensively examines the multifaceted names of Murugan, the primary deity of the Tamil tradition, and the historical, social, literary, and archaeological backgrounds behind them. The etymological roots and philosophical backgrounds of names attributed to Murugan from the Sangam period to the contemporary era—such as 'Velan', 'Seyon', 'Kandan', 'Arumugan', 'Subramanian', 'Kumaran', 'Aandi', and 'Malayaandi'—are analyzed here. Specifically, this paper discusses the roles played by Tamil folk worship traditions, North Indian Vedic Skanda-Brahmanya worship, and the profound influence of Sramana religions like Ajivika, Jainism, and Buddhism in the transformation and diversification of Murugan. Based on multi-dimensional data—including the philosophical insights of Czech Tamil scholar Kamil Zvelebil, historian T.G. Aravamuthan’s comparative studies on Greek deities and Indus Valley seals, Professor N. Vanamamalai’s socio-cultural perspectives, and epigraphical records regarding 'Brahmanyadeva' found on North Indian Yaudheya coins—this article establishes in detail the diversity of Murugan worship and its historical evolution.
கு.ப.ராவின் 'காமுவின்கதை' முன்வைக்கும் பார்வை மாற்றுத் திறனாளிப் பெண்கள் குறித்த சமூக - உளவியல் விழுமியங்கள்
This article provides a detailed analysis of the perspective presented in the short story 'Kaamuvin Kathai' by Ku. Pa. Rajagopalan, a pioneering literary figure who contributed significantly to the development of modern Tamil literature, through the lens of Disability Studies. The article examines the scientific reasons for the protagonist's disability, as well as the character descriptions that align with traditional portrayals. Furthermore, it highlights the subtle documentation of the heightened sensory perceptions and inherent limitations characteristic of visually impaired individuals. It also explores the logical, philosophical perspective presented by the author—that blindness is not a deficiency. Additionally, by comparing the work with the writings of other authors with disabilities, such as R. Chudamani, the article evaluates the socio-psychological values faced by Tamil women with disabilities. Finally, it discusses the computational linguistics aspect of converting the story from its original 'Bamini' font encoding to Unicode.
நாட்டுப்புறக் கதைகள் மற்றும் தமிழ்க் கலாச்சார பாதுகாப்பு
Folk tales play a vital role in preserving the cultural identity of Tamil society. Passed down through generations as oral literature, these stories embody the lifestyle, moral values, beliefs, and traditions of the people. These tales, prevalent in the rural areas of Tamil Nadu, act as a collective memory of the society. Through folk tales, the wisdom and experiences of our ancestors are safeguarded. They serve as a medium to connect the younger generation with their roots and the continuity of their heritage. The diverse nature of Tamil culture—including local minor deity and clan worship, festivals, rituals, and traditional occupations—is recorded both directly and indirectly through these stories. However, due to modern lifestyles, the dominance of mass media, and the generational gap, these folk tales are currently facing the threat of dilution. To preserve them, it is essential to incorporate oral historical literature into educational curricula, promote storytelling events, and document them through audio/visual recordings. Folk tales are the cultural lifeline of Tamil society. Protecting them is not merely a literary endeavor; it is a duty to pass on our identity, heritage, and values to future generations. Therefore, every segment of society must act responsibly in reviving and preserving these treasures.
நமது முன்னேற்றத்தை நம்மால் கணிக்க முடியுமா? சுயக் கட்டுப்பாட்டு உணர்வின் பங்கும் ஜோதிட நம்பிக்கைகளின் உளவியல், சமூக, பொருளாதார தாக்கங்களும்: ஓர் ஆழமான ஆய்வு
Today's global scientific and technological advancements have made human lifestyles much simpler and ultra-modern.1 However, on the other hand, traditional and fatalistic beliefs such as horoscopes, astrology, and rituals continue to be deeply rooted and growing among the people.1 The primary objective of this paper is to examine whether humans can predict their future progress through their own hard work and planning, or if they must rely solely on fate and the movements of the planets. To this end, psychologist Julian Rotter's 'Locus of Control' theory and Albert Bandura's 'Self-efficacy' theory are utilized as analytical tools.2 Furthermore, various modern socio-psychological studies are discussed here, such as the recently observed negative correlation in India between professional mental health help-seeking attitudes and astrological beliefs5, as well as how literacy and cognitive levels determine belief in astrology.6 In addition, studies on savings behavior by Cobb-Clark (2016) and the economic role of the locus of control in financial management are described in detail. The strength of the Internal Locus of Control is established through the intellectual identity markers of Tamil society: Kaniyan Pungundranar's Purananuru philosophy ("Thidum Nandrum Pirarthara Vaara" — Good and evil do not come from others)9, Thiruvalluvar's Aalvinaiyudaimai (The power of manly exertion/effort)10, and Thanthai Periyar's rationalist perspective. Ultimately, this study establishes that systematic planning, perseverance, and a sense of self-control are the primary factors that determine human progress.
தமிழிலக்கியங்களில் ஊண் சோறு: உணவுப் பண்பாடு, விருந்தோம்பல், அறவியல் மற்றும் சமூகநீதிச் சிந்தனைகளின் வரலாற்றுப் பரிணாமம்
Food is not only a basic necessity of human life but also serves as a cultural identifier for a society. In Tamil civilization, the concept of "Soru" (cooked rice/sustenance) has evolved beyond mere physical nourishment to become a symbol of ethics, hospitality, social cohesion, economic prosperity, and humanitarianism. Records regarding food and the sharing of food are consistently found from Sangam literature to contemporary works. This research examines the documentation of "food and sustenance" (Oon Soru) in Tamil literature through historical and cultural perspectives. Specifically, it explores the social dimensions of food as presented in Sangam literature, Thirukkural, Silappathikaram, Manimekalai, Bhakti literature, and modern Tamil literature. The study concludes by establishing that Soru serves as a central symbol of Tamil culture and a fundamental emblem of social justice ideologies.
சிறுதெய்வ வழிபாட்டில் சிறுதானியங்களின் பங்கு: சமூக-சூழலியல் மற்றும் சடங்கியல் இயக்கவியல்
Folk deity worship holds a unique place in the traditional spiritual heritage of Tamil society. It is distinct from mainstream (major deity) worship and is directly intertwined with people's daily lives, agriculture, natural environment, health, security, and social beliefs. Folk deities are often worshipped at the village, tribal, or family level. The offerings, sacrifices, and rituals found in these traditions reflect the economic structure and cultural identity of the society. In particular, millets such as foxtail millet (thinai), pearl millet (kambu), kodo millet (varagu), little millet (samai), and finger millet (kezhvaragu) serve as core elements of these rituals. This study examines the fundamental nature of folk deity worship from an anthropological and socio-ecological perspective, exploring how millets function as symbols of prosperity and expressions of social memory. The primary objective of this research is to illustrate how the traditional food systems, agriculture, and spiritual world of Tamil society are interconnected.
Mariamman Koozh (fermented millet porridge)
There is a very strong belief in the Siddha tradition that if one formally learns and deeply assimilates the magnificent, ancient art that has been traditionally revered and secretly preserved across generations, they can attain the state of Sivagnana (divine wisdom). Samadhi is one of the practical processes of bringing the human body into complete stillness and control. In the Siddha educational tradition, Samadhi is considered the ultimate manifestation of merging with the Divine. Samadhi means standing in a state of absolute equilibrium with God through both soul and body; attaining this state of supreme bliss is referred to as Veeduperu (liberation) or Mukthi.
பன்முக நோக்கில் இறையன்புவின் சாகாவரம் புதினம் காட்டும் வாழ்வியல் கூறுகள்
Literature, serving as a true record of societal conditions, articulates various dimensions of human life across eras. In this regard, V. Iraianbu's novel Saagavaram intricately describes the impermanence of human life and the philosophical quest regarding death through the character of Nachiketa, who confronts death. This paper analyzes key components of life, such as the blend of pleasure and pain, the fear of death, the mindset against suicide, and a life of detachment. Furthermore, by drawing comparisons with classical Tamil literary works like Kundalakesi, Thirukkural, and the poems of Pattinathar, as well as the philosophical teachings of the Katha Upanishad, this paper establishes that: Death is merely a rest for the physical body and not for the soul. Transcending the fear of death and embracing the fascinations of life is the true essence of Saagavaram (the boon of immortality).
கவிஞர் தியாரூவின் “மூன்று நல்வாக்குகள்” சிறுகதையில் சமுதாய நோக்கு
This research paper extensively analyzes the short story "Moondru Nalvakkugal" (Three Words of Wisdom) by Poet Thiyaroo, who holds a unique place in the contemporary Tamil literary landscape, from a social perspective. The paper analyzes how this short story portrays the psychological needs, family values, and humanitarian qualities of individuals caught in the midst of modern globalization and economic competition. Through the central character, Mathivanan, the author depicts workplace politics prevalent in corporations, the resulting mental stress, and the challenges faced by a middle-class man who quits his job to protect his self-respect. This paper explores in detail how the 'three words of wisdom'—the encouraging words of his wife Kanchana during the dark period following his job loss, the noble scripture from the church, and the pure blessings of a poor elderly woman—become the driving forces of his life. Furthermore, this study is conducted by comparing the values in this story with the life philosophies found in ethical and classical Tamil literature such as Thirukkural, Purananuru, Kurunthogai, and Natrinai, and connecting them with contemporary societal needs.
பழநிபாரதியின் கவிதைகளில் சமுதாயப் பதிவுகள்: ஓர் ஒப்பீட்டு நோக்கும் ஆழமான பகுப்பாய்வும்
Poet Palanibharathi is highly notable among the prominent creators who left a distinct mark on the world of modern Tamil poetry (Puthukkavithai) during the late twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century. His poems do not merely showcase aesthetic feelings of love; rather, they sharply document contemporary social miseries, political corruption, the cruelty of poverty, and the plight of the working class. This paper examines the social awareness thoughts expressed in Palanibharathi’s poetry through a comparative approach alongside the social reflections of other contemporary poets such as Bharathi, Mu. Metha, Vairamuthu, Arivumathi, Ki. Kolanchi, and Mu. Valliyammai. This article provides a detailed analysis of the poet's perspective directed toward social change.
இலங்கையில் சிறுவர் துஷ்பிரயோகப் போக்குகள், சட்டக் கட்டமைப்பு மற்றும் நீதித்துறைத் தாமதங்கள்: ஒரு கொள்கைசார் பகுப்பாய்வு (2014-2023)
Children are the future pillars of a society and the foundation of its human capital. Despite the existence of various international declarations for child rights and protection globally, violence and abuse against children remain an unresolved contemporary social issue. Based on 64,569 complaints received by Sri Lanka's National Child Protection Authority (NCPA) over the ten-year period from 2014 to 2023, this article comprehensively examines child abuse trends in Sri Lanka. It identifies the social, economic, familial, and technological factors driving the recent increase in violence against children, and analyzes how massive judicial delays and institutional shortcomings further exacerbate this issue. Specifically, the rise in school dropouts and child labor exploitation resulting from the 2022 economic crisis are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the 2021 death of the young girl 'Jude Kumar Mishalini' and the Nuwara Eliya school incident are handled as key case studies to expose systemic failures within Sri Lanka's child protection system. Finally, this article proposes awareness programs, the introduction of sex education in schools, judicial reforms, and psychological rehabilitation recommendations for victimized children to put an end to this issue.
National Child Protection Authority (NCPA)
Kabila’s Psychological Approach in Kurntokai
Literature consistently centers on society, aiming to uplift human values and build a better world by reflecting shared human emotions and experiences. A prime example of this is Tamil Sangam literature—collectively known as Pāṭṭum Tokaiyum or Pathinenmelkanakku—which comprises 2,381 poems divided into Akam (interior/love) and Puram (exterior/heroic) genres. Among the Akam anthologies, Kurunthogai stands out as the only text distinguished by the honorific prefix "Nalla" (excellent). This article, titled "Kapilar's Psychological Approach in Kurunthogai Poems," investigates how the celebrated poet Kapilar, or "Kurinjik Kapilar," utilizes creative literary narrative techniques and a psychological framework across his twenty-eight poems in the collection. By integrating Western psychological theories and contemporary research interpretations, the study analyzes the alignment between these poetic compositions and psychological methodologies to demonstrate how emotional experiences are structured within the classical texts.
குறுந்தொகையில் தலைமக்களின் இல்லற பண்பாடுகள்
Kuruntogai, one of the seminal works in the Ettuthokai (Eight Anthologies), elegantly delineates the intricacies of Agathinai (the theme of inner life). It profoundly captures the essence of the Kalavu (pre-marital love) and Karpu (post-marital/conjugal life) experiences of the hero and heroine. Domestic life (Illaravazhkkai) served as the very lifeblood of Sangam society. This research aims to explore the cultural ethos of that era, highlighting how husbands and wives lived in mutual harmony through sacrifice, the nurturing of children, and the practice of hospitality. Furthermore, this study examines how the text serves as a mirror to the societal values and ethical frameworks that governed the family unit, illustrating the enduring significance of marital devotion and social responsibility as depicted in ancient Tamil poetry.
இராகுவின் ராஜயோகமும் அயல்நாட்டு கல்வி யோகமும்: வேத ஜோதிட விதிகளின் அடிப்படையில் ஒரு விரிவான ஆய்வு
In the tenets of Vedic Astrology, Rahu—though classified as a shadow planet (Chaya Graha) and typically viewed as a malefic or an agent of illusion—possesses the unique ability to bestow Raja Yoga. When positioned in auspicious houses, Rahu can grant unparalleled royal honors, sudden wealth, and international fame. In today’s globalized era, one of Rahu's primary Raja Yoga manifestations is providing students with international education opportunities and global recognition. This research paper analyzes how the 5th house (representing academic intelligence), the 9th house (representing higher education and long-distance travel), and the 12th house (representing separation from the birthplace and foreign residency) create the "Yoga" for foreign education when influenced by Rahu and Jupiter (Guru), according to classical astrological texts. Furthermore, it explores how the Guru-Chandala Yoga (Jupiter-Rahu conjunction) transcends its traditional negative connotations to stimulate academic achievements through modern technology and lateral thinking. To validate these principles, five real-life case studies collected by the Department of Astrology at Vels University have been compared using detailed chart analysis. Finally, the paper provides systematically compiled 2026 Muhurtha guidelines for education visas and admissions, alongside Vedic remedial measures (Pariharas) for weak planetary positions.
இராகுவின் ராஜயோகமும் அயல்நாட்டு வேலைவாய்ப்பும்: பராசர, பலதீபிகை மற்றும் பாரம்பரிய ஜோதிட விதிகளின் அடிப்படையிலான ஒரு விரிவான ஆய்வு
This research paper investigates how Rahu Bhagavan, described as a shadow planet in Vedic astrology, grants an extraordinary "Raja Yoga" through specific placements in a native's birth chart. It explores the mechanisms through which Rahu facilitates relocation across the seas to settle in a foreign land, enabling the accumulation of immense fame and wealth. This analysis is conducted through the lens of classical astrological literatures such as Brihat Parasara Hora Shastra, Phaladeepika, Jataka Parijata, and Sarvartha Chintamani. The paper discusses how the 3rd, 7th, 9th, and 12th houses (which govern human migration), the combinations of movable (Chara), water (Jala), and air (Vayu) signs, and the Dasha-Bhukti periods of Rahu uproot an individual from their homeland and drive them toward international success. These concepts are demonstrated using five practical case-study horoscopes accompanied by appropriate explanatory data tables. Furthermore, this study elaborates on the 'Kodanda Rahu Raja Yoga' formed in Sagittarius and its sublime, hidden secrets, as well as Rahu's influence on modern sectors such as software, aerospace, and medical fields.
நட்சத்திரப் பொருத்தமும் நவீன விஞ்ஞானமும்: பல்லுயிர் மருத்துவ, உளவியல் மற்றும் மரபியல் நோக்குடனான ஓர் ஒப்பீட்டு ஆய்வு
Marriage matching is a traditional guidance used in South Indian societies to predict the lifelong harmony, health, and progeny development of a couple. This article deeply examines the ancient "Ten Star Match System" (Dasa Koota System) against the backdrop of modern physiology, medical genetics, psychology, and reproductive immunology. This study establishes that the Dina, Gana, Yoni, Rajju, and Vedha matches, which are astrologically considered essential, are not mere spiritual symbols; rather, they have direct, scientifically proven connections with the Big Five Personality Traits, body-odor-based genetic mate selection (MHC-HLA Mate Selection), blood incompatibility (Rh Factor Incompatibility), and genetic disorders caused by inbreeding (Consanguineous Genetic Risks), respectively. This article has been comprehensively designed using classical texts like B.V. Raman's "Muhurtha" along with modern medical reference books such as Turnpenny's "Emery's Elements of Medical Genetics" and Mollison's "Blood Transfusion" as comparative evidence.
சிங்கப்பூர் உயர்நிலைப்பள்ளி மாணவர்களுக்குத் தமிழ்மொழி, பண்பாட்டு விழுமியங்களைக் கற்பித்தலில் தமிழர் நாட்டுப்புறப் பாடல்களின் பங்கு
This study analyzes the role of Tamil folk songs in teaching language skills and cultural values to secondary school students in Singapore. Specifically, it examines how folk songs aid in enhancing the four fundamental language skills—listening, speaking, reading, and writing—while propagating core values such as respect, responsibility, harmony, and empathy. The research confirms that song-based learning increases student engagement and allows them to experience Tamil as a "living language." By integrating folk songs into the classroom, educators can transform learning into a joyful, culturally relevant experience that strengthens students' cultural identity while improving linguistic proficiency.
சு.வேணுகோபால் படைப்புகளில் காணலாகும் இனக்குழு அடையாளங்கள்
Writer Su. Venugopal is someone who has inextricably linked land and people in Tamil literature. An ethnic group is a collective of people who identify themselves as a distinct society based on culture, language, history, habitat, and ancestry. In his short stories and novels, Su. Venugopal highlights the livelihoods of the common Mudhuvar tribes living in the mountains, as well as the survival struggles and nomadic lifestyles of marginalized ethnic groups such as the Ambattayar community, Narikuravars, and Thombars. His stories illustrate how the introduction of machines due to technological advancement leads to the decline of traditional crafts and arts that have served as the identity of specific ethnic groups for generations. Through his works, he portrays ethnic groups that, despite the changes of the modern era, continue to hold firmly onto their ancestral pride and rituals.
பெண்ணுரிமை போற்றும் பாரதியும் பாரதிதாசனும்
When analyzing a literary work, it is essential to consider the historical and social context in which it was produced. The period in which Subramania Bharathi and Bharathidasan lived was one in which women were largely treated as subordinates both within the household and in society. Bharathi, who initially wrote about national freedom, social liberation, and philosophical ideas rooted in Vedanta, developed a strong commitment to women’s emancipation after his association with Sister Nivedita. Following Bharathi’s ideological path, Bharathidasan also composed works advocating for women’s liberation. At a time when women were viewed as subjugated beings and objects of exploitation, both poets reimagined them as embodiments of life, vitality, and renewal. Historically, from the early phases of Tamil society often described as matrilineal up to the Sangam age, women were accorded high respect. However, during the medieval and later periods, this status declined, and women were increasingly subjected to oppression. Bharathi asserted that in a world where men and women are born equal, the subjugation of women is akin to blinding one eye. He emphasized that the intellectual advancement of women would lead to the progress of the entire world. Similarly, Bharathidasan criticized societal norms that denied women education and rights, echoing Bharathi’s reformist vision. Both poets vividly depicted the injustices faced by women and proposed pathways for their liberation. They advocated for women’s education, the right to choose one’s spouse, widow remarriage, and equal rights as essential foundations for a progressive society. They firmly believed that women must be freed from the chains of oppression and injustice. Women, as vital contributors to the refinement and advancement of human life, deserve recognition and reverence. The poetic works of Bharathi and Bharathidasan played a significant role in inspiring social change and advancing the cause of women’s rights.
வெளிநாட்டில் வாழும் ஜாதகங்களில் சந்திரன், சனி, ராகு மற்றும் சுக்கிரன் கோள்களின் நிலைகள் குறித்த ஜோதிட ஆய்வு
In the contemporary context of globalization, career and business-related relocations, along with subsequent overseas travel, play a highly significant role in human life. This research paper comprehensively analyzes how the positions, significations (karakatwas), and house connections of key planets—namely the Moon, Saturn, Rahu, and Venus—in natal horoscopes bestow the yoga for foreign residency, known as Pravasa Yoga. Adhering to the fundamental principles of classical astrological texts such as the Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra and Phaladeepika, this paper establishes that a weakened 4th house (the house of comfort and homeland) coupled with a strengthened 12th house (the house of foreign residency and bed comforts) and 9th house (the house of fortune and long-distance travel) compels an individual to leave their homeland for a foreign country. Furthermore, using two detailed case studies of horoscopes, this study practically explains how the timing of Dasha-Bhukti (planetary periods) and planetary transits (Gocharam) finalize foreign travel.
3, 6, 10ஆம் பாவங்கள் மற்றும் மருத்துவப் பிரதிநிதி ஆகும் கிரக அமைப்புகள்: ஓர் விரிவான ஜோதிட அறிவியல் ஆராய்ச்சி
Profession and livelihood serve as the fundamental keynote of human life, acting as the most crucial factors that determine an individual's social recognition, economic advancement, and sustenance. While traditional astrological texts define the 10th House as the Jeevana Sthana (House of Profession), the combined influence of multiple houses and the significations (Karakatwas) of the nine planets become indispensable for careers related to Medical Representation (MR) and pharmaceutical sales in today's modern corporate environment. This paper comprehensively investigates the astrological science significance of the 3rd, 6th, and 10th houses in determining professions related to medical sales and field-based operations. Furthermore, aligning with the principles formulated in classical texts such as Maharishi Parashara's Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra, Mahakavi Kalidas's Uttara Kalamrita, and Keeranur Natarajan's Jataka Alankaram, this article presents detailed nuances and remedies regarding Punarphoo Dosha (Saturn-Moon combination), Sannyasa Yoga, Dattu Pillai Yoga (adoption yoga), and co-operative bank connections.
திருக்குறள் கூறும் பாலுணர்வு கள்ளிலா? காமத்திலா?: ஓர் நரம்பியல் உடற்கூற்றியல் ஒப்பாய்வு
This research paper analyzes the neurological differences and similarities between sexual desire and alcoholism (consumption of toddy/liquor) as mentioned in Thirukkural—the pinnacle of classical Tamil literature (specifically in Kamathupal under the chapter Punarchi Vithumbal)—based on the principles of modern neurobiology and neuroanatomy. Valluvar emphasizes that kamam (lust/love) is softer than a flower, and its fulfillment must be attained by recognizing the appropriate timing. Concurrently, he compares the addiction of consuming toddy with a human's moral self-control. By comparing these concepts with the studies of modern neuroscientists such as Eric Kandel, Simon LeVay, George Koob, and Ellen Laan, this paper extensively examines the functions of brain regions like the hypothalamus, amygdala, basal ganglia, and prefrontal cortex, alongside the contributions of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and oxytocin. This study reveals how intricately the ancient Tamils' understanding of physiology and psychology aligns with the laws of neuroscience.
பாலகுமாரன் நாவல்களில் பெண்களின் பொருளாதாரப் பின்னணி
Human life is fundamentally centered on economics. Indeed, it is the economy that determines the various circumstances and contexts of human existence. In this regard, Balakumaran’s novels illuminate the economic standing and background of women within the social fabric where men and women coexist. Through subtle and nuanced evidence, Balakumaran illustrates how women—whether highly educated professionals holding prestigious positions, those without formal education, or those engaged in domestic life—navigate their lives from an economic perspective. Women constitute an integral part of society; they must attain economic self-sufficiency, for only then can their lives be secure and ensure a dignified social existence. Specifically, by focusing on characters drawn from the middle class, the author has poignantly and profoundly chronicled economic struggles, the pursuit of financial independence, and the myriad challenges that arise from material deprivation.
சீறாப்புராணத்தில் சிறுபோர்கள்: தற்காப்புக் கோட்பாடுகள் மற்றும் அறநெறிசார் இலக்கியப் பன்முகத்தன்மை ஓர் ஆய்வு
The epic Seerapuranam, created with the landscape of Tamil Nadu intersecting with the Arabian Peninsula as its narrative setting, teaches the unparalleled ethics of Islam. It elaborates on the noble efforts undertaken by Prophet Muhammad to establish the Islamic faith. Information regarding the minor battles undertaken by Prophet Muhammad is widely found throughout this epic. Prophet Muhammad, who walks an ethical path rooted in divine principles, aims to suppress evildoers. The minor battles explained in Seerapuranam are depicted as having taken place in the settlements located between the two cities of Mecca and Medina, embodying the values of peace, goodwill, and the eradication of evil. In these battles, non-combat peace and moral ethics were meticulously observed. Among these minor battles, only the Nakhla Raid is recognized as a battle involving direct military action. This was the first time Muslims engaged in combat to capture spoils of war and utilized weapons. This paper examines the literary, historical, and moral principles of these minor battles, while providing a detailed analysis of the interplay of Tamil culture and subsequent commentary traditions.
The epics written in Tamil—namely Silappathikaram, Manimekalai, Kundalakesi, Valayapathi, and Seevaka Chinthamani—are collectively known as the Aimperum Kaappiyangal (The Five Great Epics). Among these, Silappathikaram and Manimekalai emerged during the Post-Sangam period, while the rest originated during the Chola period. Among the epics that have appeared in Tamil, only Silappathikaram, Manimekalai, and Periyapuranam were composed with the stories and landscapes of Tamil Nadu as their core themes. The others are adaptations or Tamil translations of works from Sanskrit and Prakrit languages. These books are named after specific pieces of jewelry. Silappathikaram derives from Silambu, an ornament worn on the feet by women; it is the history born out of Kannagi's anklet. Manimekalai refers to a waist ornament worn by women to keep their attire intact, and thus narrates the story of the woman who wore it. Kundalakesi derives from Kundalam, a type of earring worn by women; Kundalakesi refers to a woman with beautiful hair who wore these earrings, and the book recounts her history. Valayapathi refers to a woman adorned with bangles (Valayal), and the book tells her story. In Seevaka Chinthamani, Chinthamani denotes a precious gem embedded in a king's crown; this book narrates a history written by elevating Seevakan as the crowning jewel. The epics that emerged and gained fame in this manner constitute the Five Great Epics. This research has been undertaken with the objective of analyzing the cultural traditions of the art of painting among the various cultural heritages featured in these works. Art inherently manifests as an expression of emotion, bringing pleasure and happiness. In that regard, this study illuminates how closely connected the epics are with the fine arts.
தச்சம்பத்து: வைகை கரையோர தச்சர்களின் வரலாற்றுப் பயணம்
This study investigates Thachampathu as a place name that reflects the close interrelationship between Tamil society, occupation, landscape and cultural memory. Adopting a qualitative approach grounded in toponymic analysis, oral traditions and historical references, the study interprets Thachampathu as a settlement shaped by artificer occupations, agrarian practices and the riverine geography of the Vaigai basin. The paper further explores how the village’s social and economic life is closely linked to traditional craft practices, agriculture and religious, particularly temple-centered community identity. A comparative reference to Thatcham in England highlights how settlements across different cultural contexts preserve traces of livelihood and environment within their place names. Overall, the study argues that Thachampathu is not merely a geographical designation, but a living historical record of people, land use and the continuity of Tamil cultural traditions.
சங்க இலக்கியத்தில் தலைவியின் சமூகக் கட்டமைப்பு: தொல்காப்பியம் முதல் சங்கத் தொகை நூல்கள் வரையிலான பன்முக ஆய்வு
In the Tamil classical literary tradition, particularly within Sangam literature, the social structure of the heroine (thalaivi) against the backdrop of Akam (interior/love) conventions serves as the pivot for individual morality, household management, and cultural values. Although ancient Tamil society divided the landscape into five thinais (physiographic eco-zones) and structured a lifestyle in harmony with nature, a woman's personality and agency within the institution of the family were meticulously defined. This paper investigates the social role of the heroine through the framework of the grammatical rules found in the Kalaviyal (the grammar of clandestine love) and Karpiyal (the grammar of wedded love) sections of Tolkappiyam, supported by textual evidence from anthologies (Thogai Noolgal) such as Kuruntogai, Narrinai, Akananuru, and Purananuru. This text extensively evaluates how a woman's place in ancient Tamil society was constructed through her four characteristic virtues during pre-marital love (kalavu), her domestic duties in wedded life (karpu), the psychological transitions experienced during elopement (udanpokku), the marital discords (oodal) resulting from the hero's patronage of courtesans (parathaimai), and the virtue of hospitality (virundhombal).
சூழலியற் பெண்ணியப் பார்வையில் ‘36 வயதினிலே’ திரைப்பிரதி: ஓர் ஆழமான கோட்பாட்டு ஆய்வு
This research paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the 2015 Tamil film ‘36 Vayadhinile’, directed by Rosshan Andrrews, from an ecofeminist perspective. It examines how the film constructs the personality evolution and identity reclamation of Vasanthi, a middle-class housewife, by intertwining her journey with terrace gardening and organic farming initiatives. Drawing upon the core principles of ecofeminism, this paper explains the inherent connection between women and nature, the distinct ways in which a patriarchal society oppresses both women and the environment simultaneously, and how both mutually attain liberation from this oppression. Furthermore, the film's emphasis on toxin-free food production is discussed in detail, highlighting its alignment with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), rooted in the philosophies of organic farming scientist G. Nammalvar and ecofeminist Vandana Shiva.