Tamilmanam International Research Journal of Tamil Studies
type: channel
description: Tamilmanam International Research Journal of Tamil Studies தமிழ்மணம் சர்வதேசத் தமிழ் ஆய்விதழ் ISSN: 3049-0723 (Online) 3107-7781 (Print) International Peer Reviewed & Refereed, Open Access Journal as Per New UGC Rules The Tamilmanam International Research Journal of Tamil Studies is a prominent, international, peer-reviewed, refereed, and open-access academic publication. Published monthly from India, the journal adheres to the latest guidelines set by the University Grants Commission (UGC) of India. Dedicated to the advancement of scholarship in Tamil Studies, the journal serves as a vital platform for researchers, academics, and students worldwide to disseminate original research and foster a deeper understanding of the rich tapestry of Tamil language, literature, culture, and history. Embracing both Tamil and English content, Tamilmanam is committed to promoting contemporary developments and diverse perspectives within Tamil Studies across the globe.
publisher: Department of Library, Nallamuthu Gounder Mahalingam College Autonomous - Pollachi 642001 Tamilnadu, INDIA e-Mail : ngm@ngmc.org
language: en
publication name: Tamilmanam International Research Journal of Tamil Studies
issn: 3107-7781
copyright: Our journal adopts CC BY License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License http://Creativecommons.org//license/by/4.0/ . It allows using, reusing, distributing and reproducing of the original work with proper citation.
items: DISCOVERING THE PAST: THE NOYYAL RIVER VALLEY EXCAVATIONS AND ITS SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACT
items: LAND OWNERSHIP AND TAXATION UNDER KONGU CHOLAS: GLEANED FROM INSCRIPTIONS
items: அறம், பொருள், இன்பம்: திருக்குறளில் மறைந்துள்ள கணிதக் கட்டமைப்பு
items: திருக்குறளின் எண் குறியீடுகள் மற்றும் அவற்றின் கணிதப் பொருள் விளக்கம்
items: குறள் கூறும் அளவீடு, சமநிலை மற்றும் கணித ஒழுக்க நெறிகள்
items: வள்ளுவர் வாக்கியங்களில் காணப்படும் கணித ஒழுங்கும் தர்க்க அமைப்பும்
items: திருக்குறளில் எண்ணியல் சிந்தனைகளின் தத்துவப் பரிமாணம் – ஒரு ஆய்வு
items: Industry 5.0 சூழலில் திருக்குறள் தத்துவங்கள் மற்றும் மனித மையமான செயற்கை நுண்ணறிவு மேலாண்மை
items: திருக்குறளில் நேர்மை, நீதிநிலை மற்றும் AI சார்ந்த நிர்வாகத் தன்னியக்கம்
items: திருக்குறளின் ஆளுமை வளர்ச்சி கருத்துகள் மற்றும் செயற்கை நுண்ணறிவு மேலாண்மை திறன் மேம்பாடு
items: திருக்குறள் அடிப்படையிலான சமூகப் பொறுப்பு (CSR) கருத்துகள் மற்றும் AI ஆதரவு நிலைத்த மேலாண்மை
items: திருக்குறள் கூறும் அறிவுடைமை (Wisdom) மற்றும் தரவுசார் செயற்கை நுண்ணறிவு முடிவெடுத்தல்
items: திருக்குறளில் வணிக நெறிகள் மற்றும் AI சார்ந்த நிறுவன மேலாண்மை
items: திருக்குறளின் மனிதநேய சிந்தனைகள் மற்றும் செயற்கை நுண்ணறிவு மனிதவள மேலாண்மை (AI-HRM)
items: திருக்குறள் வழிப்படுத்தும் நெறிமுறை மேலாண்மை (Ethical Management) மற்றும் செயற்கை நுண்ணறிவு ஆட்சி (AI Governance): ஒரு கருத்தியல் ஆய்வு
items: திருக்குறளில் கூறப்படும் தலைமைக் குணங்கள் (Leadership) மற்றும் AI தலைமுறை மேலாண்மை மாதிரிகள் – ஓர் ஆய்வு
items: திருக்குறளின் அற மேலாண்மை கோட்பாடுகள் மற்றும் செயற்கை நுண்ணறிவு அடிப்படையிலான நிர்வாக முடிவெடுத்தல் – ஓர் ஆய்வு
items: தேவாரத் திருமுறைகளில் ஆற்றங்கரைத் தலங்களின் இயற்கை எழில் மற்றும் சுற்றுச்சூழல் விழுமியங்கள்: ஓர் விரிவான இலக்கிய ஆய்வு
items: தமிழ்த் தல வருணனைகளில் மலைகளின் இலக்கிய மற்றும் ஆன்மீகப் பரிமாணங்கள்: ஒரு விரிவான ஆய்வு
items: தேவாரத் திருத்தலங்களில் இயற்கை எழில் காட்சிகள்
items: இயற்கைப் பொருளில் இறைவடிவம்: சங்க இலக்கியம் மற்றும் பக்தி இலக்கியத்தின் வழி ஓர் ஆழ்ந்த சுற்றுச்சூழல்-ஆன்மீக ஆய்வு
items: தேவாரத்தில் இறை மற்றும் கொடை குறித்த புகழ்மொழிகள்: சங்க இலக்கியத் தொடர்ச்சியும் சைவ சித்தாந்தப் பரிணாமமும்
items: சங்க அகநானூற்றுக் குறிஞ்சித்திணைப் பாடல்களில் யானையின் மூலம் வலியுறுத்தப்படும் வாழ்வியல் நெறிகள்
items: முல்லை நில ஆயர் சமூகத்தின் வாழ்வியலில் கொடாப்பின் பயன்பாடும் பண்பாட்டு முக்கியத்துவமும்
items: சித்தர்கள் குறிப்பிட்ட வல்லாரை மூலிகையின் மரபு மருத்துவப் பயன்பாடுகள்: இலக்கிய அடிப்படையிலான ஆய்வு
items: சித்தமருத்துவக் கோட்பாடுகளில் கடுக்காயின் மருந்தியல் பண்புகள் : ஓர் ஆய்வுப் பார்வை
items: சித்தர் பாடல்களில் தும்பை குறித்த குறியீட்டு, தத்துவப் பொருள் விளக்கங்கள்
items: சித்தர் பாடல்களில் அருகம்புல்: தெய்வீகச் சின்னமும் உயிர்சக்தியின் வெளிப்பாடும்
items: கேரளப் பண்பாடும் மருமக்கத்தாயப் பாலியல் உறவுகளும்
items: சித்தர்கள் குறிப்பிட்ட ஆடாதொடை மூலிகையின் மரபு மருத்துவக் கோட்பாடுகள்: நுண்ணறிவு பகுப்பாய்வு

DISCOVERING THE PAST: THE NOYYAL RIVER VALLEY EXCAVATIONS AND ITS SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACT
type: item
description: The Noyyal River Valley, located in the Coimbatore region of Tamil Nadu, is an important archaeological zone. Explorations and excavations at Vellalore, Sulur, Boluvampatti, Perur, Kodumanal and Molapalayam have unearthed Roman coins, semi-precious stone beads, terracotta figurines, terracotta beads, iron tools, shell ornaments, different types of pottery, inscriptions in Tamil-Brahmi and Vatteluthu scripts, and burial remains, etc. These findings reveal strong trade connections with the Romans and other regions of India. The evidence of bead-making, iron and steel making, weaving tools, shell ornament making and pottery industries shows that early societies in the region were prosperous and skilled. Additionally, evidence like megalithic burial sites, habitation layers and structural remains proves the existence of a planned community spanning from the 3rd century BCE to the 9th century CE. On the whole, the excavations conducted in the Noyyal River Valley contributed to know about the socio-cultural history of western Tamil Nadu during the early period.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Noyyal River Valley
  topic: keywords
subject: Archaeological Excavations
  topic: keywords
subject: Roman Trade
  topic: keywords
subject: Megalithic Culture
  topic: keywords
subject: Socio-Cultural History
  topic: keywords
creator: Chitra Devi R
creator: Udaiachandran R
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 965
ending page: 975
doi: 10.63300/

LAND OWNERSHIP AND TAXATION UNDER KONGU CHOLAS: GLEANED FROM INSCRIPTIONS
type: item
description: This study examines the pastoral economy, land ownership and taxation methods of Medieval Kongu Nadu under the Kongu Cholas based on epigraphical sources. It goes over the region's transactional phase from nomadic pastoral society to an organised agri based economy. This paper details the land tenure system which includes Mannarai (crown lands), Brahmadeyam (tax free lands gifted to brahmins), Devadhana( lands to the temple), service tenure, and the existence of private and communal ownership. Moreover it prioritizes distinctive administrative concepts such as Kaniyatchi and Manrattu. This paper also demarcates the government’s revenue channel, noting the tax is like Kadamai, were implemented based on the fertility of the soil, the land tenure and it was collected in cash or kind. This paper showcases a self sufficient and affluent medieval Kongu economy, supported by land recoupment, organised trade guilds and trade connections.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Land Ownership
  topic: keywords
subject: Mannarai
  topic: keywords
subject: Brahmadeyam
  topic: keywords
subject: Devadhana
  topic: keywords
subject: Kaniyatchi
  topic: keywords
subject: Manrattu
  topic: keywords
subject: Kadamai
  topic: keywords
creator: Shakila S
creator: Udaiachandran R
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 957
ending page: 964
doi: 10.63300/

அறம், பொருள், இன்பம்: திருக்குறளில் மறைந்துள்ள கணிதக் கட்டமைப்பு
type: item
description: Thirukkural is a masterpiece revered as the "Universal Veda." This work is divided into three sections—Virtue (Aram), Wealth (Porul), and Love (Inbam)—comprising a total of 133 chapters and 1,330 couplets. This paper explores how this arrangement is not merely a literary order but contains a sophisticated mathematical structure. Clear mathematical logic is embedded in the numerical organization employed by Thiruvalluvar, the proportional distribution of the couplets, and the sequential order of the chapters. Firstly, the division into three parts represents the three fundamental goals of human life while creating a complete systemic framework. Virtue contains 38 chapters, Wealth contains 70, and Love contains 25. A sense of equilibrium can be observed in this classification. The fact that every chapter contains exactly ten couplets is a prime example of numerical systematicity, providing the text with a mathematical layered quality (hierarchy). Furthermore, each couplet consists of two lines. This duality reflects the dualities of life and establishes a logical framework. The total count of 1,330 couplets is the product of 10 and 133. The number 133 itself is divisible by 7 (7×19). Such numerical relationships are not coincidental; they are expressions of Valluvar’s profound mathematical thinking. Thus, Thirukkural stands not only as an exceptional ethical treatise but also as a unique creation possessing a planned mathematical architecture. By designing the life components of Virtue, Wealth, and Love through numerical order and logic, Valluvar presents human life itself to us as a mathematical equation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Thirukkural
  topic: keywords
subject: Mathematical Structure
  topic: keywords
subject: Numerical Order
  topic: keywords
subject: Aram-Porul-Inbam
  topic: keywords
subject: Duality, Logic of Life
  topic: keywords
creator: Thilakavathi S
creator: Srinivasan V.C.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-24
publication date: 2026-02-24
starting page: 63
ending page: 79
doi: 10.63300/tm10sp022026.05

திருக்குறளின் எண் குறியீடுகள் மற்றும் அவற்றின் கணிதப் பொருள் விளக்கம்
type: item
description: Thirukkural stands as a supreme ethical masterpiece among Tamil classical literatures. Compiling the three major spheres of life—Virtue, Politics (Wealth), and Love—into 1,330 couplets, this work is unique not only for its literary excellence but also for its structural precision, numerical order, and symbolic intelligence. This paper aims to analyze the numerical codes used in Thirukkural, their mathematical order, structural design, and the philosophical explanations rooted in numerology. The external structure of Thirukkural is designed with a sophisticated mathematical methodology. Divided into 133 chapters, each chapter contains exactly ten couplets. This is not a coincidental arrangement but an expression of planned mathematical design. The number 133 is the product of 7 x 19. In Tamil tradition, 7 is often associated with the world/universe, and 19 is regarded as a number of completion; their combination signifies the wholeness of the text. The distribution of chapters consists of 38 for Arathuppal (Virtue), 70 for Porutpal (Wealth), and 25 for Inbathuppal (Love). This distribution follows a 38:70:25 ratio, which serves as a measure of the importance Valluvar assigns to the three fundamental goals of human life. The 70 chapters dedicated to Porutpal highlight the primary role of material wealth in social life. Furthermore, each couplet consists of two lines; this duality reflects the dualities of life and serves as a basic unit of mathematical logic. The ten couplets in each chapter form a conceptual set that fully elucidates the chapter's theme, representing a form of combinatorial structure (Elangovan, 2020). Thus, Thirukkural is not merely literature but a symbolic numerical text functioning within a mathematical system. Numbers here do not act just as quantities but as symbols conveying deep conceptual insights.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Thirukkural
  topic: keywords
subject: Numerical Symbols
  topic: keywords
subject: Mathematical Structure
  topic: keywords
subject: Chapter Distribution
  topic: keywords
subject: Duality
  topic: keywords
subject: Numerical Philosophy
  topic: keywords
creator: Gnaneswaran V
creator: Srinivasan V.C.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-24
publication date: 2026-02-24
starting page: 48
ending page: 62
doi: 10.63300/tm10sp022026.04

குறள் கூறும் அளவீடு, சமநிலை மற்றும் கணித ஒழுக்க நெறிகள்
type: item
description: Thirukkural, the pinnacle of Tamil ethical literature, articulates the moral codes of human life in a highly condensed form. Concepts such as "Measurement" (Alavaridhal), "Moderation" (Midhathannai), "Equilibrium" (Samannilai), and "Justice" (Nyayam) are emphasized throughout the text. These are not merely moral precepts but are deeply interconnected with mathematical principles such as Measurement, Balance, Ratio, and Order. This paper examines the concepts of measurement and equilibrium in Thirukkural through the lens of "Mathematical Ethics." It highlights how measurement is indispensable in human actions and how immoderate behavior leads to ethical degradation. In Thirukkural, "Measure" (Alavu) serves as a central theme. Valluvar insists that moderation must be observed in all aspects of life, including food, wealth, pleasure, pain, speech, and action. "Living within one's means" (Alavarindhu Vazhdhal) functions not just as a moral rule but as a mathematical equation. The verses concerning measurement in Thirukkural reflect a distinct mathematical methodology: since both excess and deficiency result in suffering, equilibrium is the fundamental basis for an ideal life. For instance, in Inbathuppal (The Book of Love), Kural 1230 suggests that excessive passion beyond measure fails to yield true happiness. Similarly, in Porutpal (The Book of Wealth), Kural 883 explains that even enmity must be managed with calculated restraint. Thus, the mathematical principles of measurement, balance, and moderation are structured as ethical codes in Thirukkural. This study defines this integration as "Mathematical Ethics."
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Thirukkural
  topic: keywords
subject: Measurement
  topic: keywords
subject: Equilibrium
  topic: keywords
subject: Mathematical Ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Moderation
  topic: keywords
subject: Ratio
  topic: keywords
creator: Vadivukarasi L
creator: Srinivasan V.C.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-24
publication date: 2026-02-24
starting page: 33
ending page: 47
doi: 10.63300/tm10sp022026.03

வள்ளுவர் வாக்கியங்களில் காணப்படும் கணித ஒழுங்கும் தர்க்க அமைப்பும்
type: item
description: In the Tamil literary tradition, the Thirukkural stands as a masterpiece that integrates logical consistency and scientific thought. The maxims of Thiruvalluvar are not merely moral exhortations; they are built upon a precise mathematical order, logical structure, cause-and-effect relationships, and sequential patterns. This paper analyzes the mathematical framework and logical style inherent in Valluvar's couplets and explains how they align with modern mathematical and logical theories. Every sentence (couplet) in the Thirukkural functions within a logical framework. Most couplets consist of two lines: the first line posits a premise or action, while the second line provides the explanation or the resulting consequence. This closely resembles the "if-then" logical construct used in mathematics. For instance, the couplet "Ennith thuniga karumam" (First line: Think before you act) and "Thunindhapin ennuvam enbadhu izhukku" (Second line: Thinking after acting is a flaw) creates a complete logical loop. The cause-and-effect relationship is explicitly evident in Valluvar’s verses. He repeatedly emphasizes that every action has a corresponding consequence. The couplet "Nandrangal nallava kaanpavar andrangal allal paduvadhevan" (Kural 378) clearly illustrates the relationship where good deeds yield good results and vice versa, echoing Function Theory in mathematics. Furthermore, a distinct sequential order is found throughout his work. Divided into three sections—Arathuppal (Virtue), Porutpal (Wealth), and Inbathuppal (Love)—the book follows a specific logical progression, reminiscent of Sequence Theory. The central thesis of this study is that "Each of Valluvar’s couplets is akin to a logical equation; if the first line is the Input, the second line is the Output." Thus, Valluvar’s thought process functions as a well-organized scientific system.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Valluvar
  topic: keywords
subject: Mathematical Order
  topic: keywords
subject: Logical Structure
  topic: keywords
subject: Cause-and-Effect
  topic: keywords
subject: Thirukkural
  topic: keywords
subject: Sequence
  topic: keywords
creator: Sathish P
creator: Srinivasan V.C.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-24
publication date: 2026-02-24
starting page: 17
ending page: 32
doi: 10.63300/tm10sp022026.02

திருக்குறளில் எண்ணியல் சிந்தனைகளின் தத்துவப் பரிமாணம் – ஒரு ஆய்வு
type: item
description: The Thirukkural serves not only as an ancient ethical treatise of the Tamils but also as a work built upon a profound philosophical foundation of numerical structure. This research paper explores the use of numbers within the Thirukkural, their symbolic meanings, and their philosophical dimensions. Specifically, the study examines the sequential arrangement of numbers such as seven (7), three (3), and ten (10), and how they are deeply embedded within the internal framework of the text. The 1,330 couplets, 133 chapters, the 7 metrical feet (seers) in each couplet, and the tripartite structure (Muppal) are viewed not merely as grammatical constraints but as markers of an integrated philosophical system. This study synthesizes the numerical concepts that existed in the Tamil grammatical tradition prior to Valluvar’s time, compares them with the numerical organization of the Thirukkural, and explains their underlying philosophical significance. Furthermore, the correlation between these numerical structures and contemporary scientific thought is also explored.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Thirukkural
  topic: keywords
subject: Numerical Thought
  topic: keywords
subject: Philosophy of Seven
  topic: keywords
subject: Tripartite Structure (Muppal)
  topic: keywords
subject: Thiruvalluvar
  topic: keywords
subject: Number Symbolism
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr J.Sudha
creator: Srinivasan V.C.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-24
publication date: 2026-02-24
starting page: 1
ending page: 16
doi: 10.63300/tm10sp022026.01

Industry 5.0 சூழலில் திருக்குறள் தத்துவங்கள் மற்றும் மனித மையமான செயற்கை நுண்ணறிவு மேலாண்மை
type: item
description: Industry 5.0, regarded as the fifth industrial revolution, marks a transition that prioritizes human uniqueness and contribution over the mere technical efficiency of machines. Here, a collaborative environment emerges where humans and machines—specifically Artificial Intelligence—work in tandem. In such a converged landscape, technological management must be founded not only on mathematical formulas and data analytics but also on humanitarian values, ethics, and social responsibility. To fulfill this fundamental requirement, Thiruvalluvar’s Thirukkural provides an exceptional philosophical foundation. By structuring human life and social systems upon the three pillars of Virtue (Aram), Wealth (Porul), and Love (Inbam), this treatise serves as a guiding light for the new challenges of the industrial world. The role of Thirukkural in shaping Human-Centric AI Management is multifaceted. Firstly, leadership concepts such as "A king is he who possesses a broad and discerning mind" (Kural 381) highlight the necessity of comprehensive knowledge. This emphasizes the ability to integrate AI outputs with human intelligence to make ethically sound decisions. Secondly, the principle from the Porutpal (Book of Wealth) to "Earn wealth... with grace" (Kural 755) stresses that profit-making should not be the sole aim; rather, wealth should be acquired through honest means that respect the welfare of all. This acts as an ethical compass for modern industrial management, which must reconcile profit motives with social welfare and environmental responsibility. Thirdly, the emphasis on discipline—"Conduct yields excellence" (Kural 131)—reminds us that ethical conduct must be present in every dimension of technological management, including data privacy, algorithmic ethics, and employee codes of conduct. Thus, Industry 5.0 bridges the gap between humans and machines. This connection must remain centered on humanitarian values. Thirukkural’s timeless philosophies offer the perfect found…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Thirukkural
  topic: keywords
subject: Industry 5.0, Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Human-Centric Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethical Management
  topic: keywords
creator: Shenbaga Priya A
creator: Srinivasan V.C.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-20
publication date: 2026-02-20
starting page: 142
ending page: 157
doi: 10.63300/tm10sp012026.10

திருக்குறளில் நேர்மை, நீதிநிலை மற்றும் AI சார்ந்த நிர்வாகத் தன்னியக்கம்
type: item
description: Thirukkural, as a universal ethical treatise, defines a complete order of life through the three major divisions of virtue, wealth, and love. The fundamental values of Integrity and Justice emphasized therein serve as the cornerstone for the inherent structure of any system of Good Governance. In the modern technological era, Artificial Intelligence (AI)—as a primary driving force—is widely utilized across various facets of administration, including Automated Decision-Making, policy analysis, and service delivery. While this AI-driven Autonomous Governance offers high efficiency, it carries the inherent risk of neglecting human ethical values, potentially leading to biased, non-transparent, and unaccountable decisions. In this context, there arises a need to establish a structural link between traditional ethics and modern administrative technology. This study explores how the principles of integrity and justice from Thirukkural can be implemented in the design and operation of AI-based automated administrative systems. Specifically, this article proposes how the ethics of Thirukkural provide a theoretical guiding foundation to ensure transparency, accountability, impartiality, and social justice in administrative decisions. Ultimately, this integrated approach examines the possibility of creating a new Governance Model that unites human-centricity with technological capability..
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Thirukkural
  topic: keywords
subject: Integrity
  topic: keywords
subject: Justice
  topic: keywords
subject: Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  topic: keywords
subject: Autonomous Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Good Governance
  topic: keywords
creator: Sathyasri P
creator: Srinivasan V.C.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-20
publication date: 2026-02-20
starting page: 126
ending page: 141
doi: 10.63300/tm10sp012026.09

திருக்குறளின் ஆளுமை வளர்ச்சி கருத்துகள் மற்றும் செயற்கை நுண்ணறிவு மேலாண்மை திறன் மேம்பாடு
type: item
description: Thirukkural is not only a traditional Tamil ethical treatise but also serves as an expansive Life Curriculum for the holistic development of Human Personality. Fundamental components of personality development—such as self-control, intellectual awareness, recognizable integrity, perseverance, personal accountability, and socio-cultural discipline—are deeply embedded in the foundational concepts of Thirukkural. In the modern industrial world, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is at the core of enhancing management skills, amplifying data-driven decision-making, and increasing operational efficiency. However, a purely technology-centric application of AI carries the risk of neglecting the humanitarian aspects of management. This research paper explores a theoretical framework to bridge this gap by integrating Thirukkural’s personality development thoughts with modern AI-driven management skill enhancement processes. This article presents the philosophical foundations and practical opportunities provided by Thirukkural for creating a Human-Centric AI management model based on ethics, intuition, and social responsibility.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Thirukkural
  topic: keywords
subject: Personality Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  topic: keywords
subject: Management Skill Enhancement
  topic: keywords
subject: Human-Centric Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethical Management
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohanraj A
creator: Srinivasan V.C.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-20
publication date: 2026-02-20
starting page: 112
ending page: 125
doi: 10.63300/tm10sp012026.08

திருக்குறள் அடிப்படையிலான சமூகப் பொறுப்பு (CSR) கருத்துகள் மற்றும் AI ஆதரவு நிலைத்த மேலாண்மை
type: item
description: Thiruvalluvar’s Thirukkural serves not only as a comprehensive ethical treatise of Tamil thought but also provides a holistic conceptual framework for Social Responsibility, Justice, Ethical Economics, and Human-Centric Governance. In the contemporary global perspective, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and sustainable management have evolved beyond mere legal requirements into fundamental operational strategies for ensuring the long-term welfare of human society. Parallel to this shift, Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has introduced sophisticated transformations in commercial and public administration. AI provides significant support for rapid decision-making, optimal resource allocation, process transparency, and the efficient implementation of social welfare schemes. However, without a robust ethical framework to regulate it, such technological advancement carries the potential to deepen social inequalities. The primary objective of this research paper is to define the fundamental principles of social responsibility and justice embedded in Thirukkural and to conceptually and operationally link them with AI-driven sustainable management practices. This integration aims to establish a steady balance between technological efficiency and the humanitarian core of traditional ethics. This study establishes that Thirukkural acts as a timeless ethical guide for building sustainable development based on the three pillars of environmental resilience, economic inclusion, and social justice.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Thirukkural
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Responsibility
  topic: keywords
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Justice
  topic: keywords
subject: Human-Centric Governance
  topic: keywords
creator: Chanthanam K
creator: Srinivasan V.C.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-20
publication date: 2026-02-20
starting page: 97
ending page: 111
doi: 10.63300/tm10sp012026.07

திருக்குறள் கூறும் அறிவுடைமை (Wisdom) மற்றும் தரவுசார் செயற்கை நுண்ணறிவு முடிவெடுத்தல்
type: item
description: Thirukkural stands as a timeless ethical foundation for human life. Central to its teachings is "Wisdom" (Arivudaimai), which transcends the mere collection of factual information. It is an integrated human faculty that generates ethical decisions through experiential background, moral discernment, contextual awareness, and a sense of responsibility toward the public good. Because this faculty operates with a contextual perspective, it reflects not just rules, but the very essence of humanity. In the modern digital era, Data-driven Artificial Intelligence (AI) has reshaped decision-making processes in sectors such as governance, healthcare, and finance. Its ability to analyze Big Data has significantly enhanced speed and precision. However, AI systems that rely entirely on data volume and statistical models carry the risk of neglecting the key components of wisdom defined by Thirukkural: ethical reasoning, humanitarianism, and social consideration. This can lead to decisions that are biased, decontextualized, and lacking in human empathy. Against this backdrop, the primary objective of this research paper is to explain the multidimensional aspects of wisdom as prescribed by Thirukkural and perform a qualitative comparison with the strengths and limitations of data-centric AI decision-making. Furthermore, the ultimate goal of this article is to propose a new Hybrid Decision-Making Model that integrates the core strengths of both human wisdom and AI’s analytical capability. Centered on ethical clarity and social responsibility, this model will serve as a balanced guiding tool for data-driven management.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Mohanraj P
creator: Srinivasan V.C.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-20
publication date: 2026-02-20
starting page: 80
ending page: 96
doi: 10.63300/tm10sp012026.06

திருக்குறளில் வணிக நெறிகள் மற்றும் AI சார்ந்த நிறுவன மேலாண்மை
type: item
description: Thirukkural stands as the pinnacle of Tamil thought—a timeless ethical treatise. The Porutpal (Book of Wealth) section of this work encompasses profound philosophies on politics, ministry, economics, and business ethics. The business ethics defined by Valluvar are not aimed solely at profit-making; rather, they define integrity, trust, benevolence, neutrality, and social responsibility as the fundamental pillars of commerce. In today’s global industrial landscape, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought revolutionary changes to every layer of corporate management. AI has become an indispensable tool in sectors such as data analytics, Customer Relationship Management (CRM), supply chain optimization, and human resource selection. However, when AI-driven management systems prioritize only efficiency and profit, they risk neglecting humanity and social responsibility. This research paper focuses on the ethical principles scattered throughout the Porutpal—including business ethics, organizational discipline, leadership, customer trust, fair pricing, and social responsibility—and proposes theoretical frameworks for integrating them into AI-based corporate management practices. Specifically, this article explains the ethical foundation Thirukkural provides for modern concepts such as Ethical AI, Human-Centric Management, Transparency, and Responsible Business. This study establishes that by integrating the business ethics prescribed by Thirukkural into AI-driven corporate management models, it is possible to create a sustainable, fair, and responsible business environment that bridges the gap between technological advancement and human values.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Thirukkural
  topic: keywords
subject: Business Ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Corporate Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethical AI
  topic: keywords
subject: Human-Centric Business
  topic: keywords
creator: Murugesan P
creator: Srinivasan V.C.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-20
publication date: 2026-02-20
starting page: 60
ending page: 79
doi: 10.63300/tm10sp012026.05

திருக்குறளின் மனிதநேய சிந்தனைகள் மற்றும் செயற்கை நுண்ணறிவு மனிதவள மேலாண்மை (AI-HRM)
type: item
description: Thirukkural is not merely a literary work; it is a universal philosophy of life based on the psychological, sociological, and ethical needs of humanity. Written over two thousand years ago, it emphasizes the indispensability of individual discipline, social justice, leadership traits, rationality, and compassion, remaining a timeless guide for conduct. In the industrial revolution of the twenty-first century, Artificial Intelligence is redefining the workplace by integrating with Human Resource Management (AI-HRM). While AI-driven solutions in talent development, recruitment, and performance evaluation offer unprecedented speed, they risk becoming purely mechanical operations if they lack a humanistic perspective. This is where the relevance of Thirukkural becomes central. The virtues emphasized by the Kural—understanding others' feelings (empathy), non-discrimination, truthfulness, sense of duty, fearlessness, and accountability—are fundamental elements that must be integrated into the design and implementation of AI-HRM systems. Thirukkural’s ethics align perfectly with modern technological needs, ensuring that surveillance systems do not violate employee privacy and that algorithmic processes remain unbiased. This research paper explores the possibilities of integrating the humanistic concepts embedded in Thirukkural with AI-based HR management techniques. Furthermore, it establishes—both scientifically and ethically—how Thirukkural can serve as a guide to creating a culturally rooted technological environment that moves beyond mere mechanical efficiency to become truly human-centric.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Thirukkural
  topic: keywords
subject: Humanism
  topic: keywords
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Resource Management (AI-HRM)
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethical Technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Virtue-based Implementation (Aram)
  topic: keywords
creator: Ramachandran M
creator: Srinivasan V.C.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-20
publication date: 2026-02-20
starting page: 44
ending page: 59
doi: 10.63300/tm10sp012026.04

திருக்குறள் வழிப்படுத்தும் நெறிமுறை மேலாண்மை (Ethical Management) மற்றும் செயற்கை நுண்ணறிவு ஆட்சி (AI Governance): ஒரு கருத்தியல் ஆய்வு
type: item
description: Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has brought about profound changes in various fields in today's world, including administration, industry, education, medicine, and social governance. While the rapid growth and widespread adoption of this technology have opened up new possibilities, they have also created risks where fundamental human values such as Ethics, Accountability, Transparency, and Human Dignity are called into question. Algorithmic biases, data privacy violations, and ambiguity in responsibility are key challenges in AI governance. To address these ethical dilemmas, Thirukkural, the pinnacle of Tamil thought tradition, offers timeless guidance. The core concepts of Virtue (Aram), Justice, Integrity, and Responsibility formulated by Valluvar serve as strong philosophical sources for creating the necessary ethical foundation for modern AI governance. This research paper explains the concepts of Ethical Management found in Thirukkural and proposes an Integrated Ethical Framework that can emerge by linking them with AI Governance practices. Specifically, this article explores how Thirukkural principles such as 'Aran Izhukkadhu' (Virtue without deviation - Kural 39), 'Naduvu Nilaimai' (Impartiality - Kural 118), and 'Enni Thuniga' (Think before you act - Kural 467) can be implemented in the design, execution, and oversight of AI systems. By explaining the opportunities where traditional ethical thought and modern technological governance can converge, this study reveals the basic elements of a human-centered, ethically sound, and socially responsible AI governance model.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Thirukkural
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethical Management
  topic: keywords
subject: AI Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethical Decision-Making
  topic: keywords
subject: Human-Centric AI
  topic: keywords
subject: Accountability
  topic: keywords
creator: Sivakumar N
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-20
publication date: 2026-02-20
starting page: 29
ending page: 42
doi: 10.63300/tm10sp012026.03

திருக்குறளில் கூறப்படும் தலைமைக் குணங்கள் (Leadership) மற்றும் AI தலைமுறை மேலாண்மை மாதிரிகள் – ஓர் ஆய்வு
type: item
description: Management models driven by Artificial Intelligence (AI) have taken center stage in today’s technological world. AI plays a leading role in various domains, such as data-driven decision-making, employee performance evaluation, and organizational resource management. In this context, the ancient Tamil ethical treatise, Thirukkural, serves as an opportunity to provide a humanitarian foundation to these technology-oriented management models. This research paper analyzes the leadership traits defined by Valluvar in Thirukkural and compares them with modern AI-generation management models. Focusing on six fundamental leadership qualities emphasized in Thirukkural—Virtue (Aram), Integrity, Wisdom, Compassion, Justice, and Accountability—this article explores how these can be integrated as humanitarian attributes within AI systems. Since AI models rely solely on objective data, there is a risk that humanitarian traits may be neglected. The leadership qualities proposed by Thirukkural provide guidelines for operating AI systems with a more Human-Centric Approach. The central thesis of this study is that this ancient wisdom will help create balanced and ethical AI leadership models by integrating ethics and emotional intelligence alongside data. This study acts as a bridge between traditional knowledge and modern technology, highlighting the potential for future AI leadership models to emerge as more humane and ethically grounded.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Thirukkural
  topic: keywords
subject: Leadership Qualities
  topic: keywords
subject: AI Leadership
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethical AI
  topic: keywords
subject: Human-Centric Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethics (Aram)
  topic: keywords
creator: Karthik M
creator: Srinivasan V.C.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-20
publication date: 2026-02-20
starting page: 15
ending page: 28
doi: 10.63300/tm10sp012026.02

திருக்குறளின் அற மேலாண்மை கோட்பாடுகள் மற்றும் செயற்கை நுண்ணறிவு அடிப்படையிலான நிர்வாக முடிவெடுத்தல் – ஓர் ஆய்வு
type: item
description: In today’s management world, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based decision-making systems are evolving rapidly. By analyzing massive amounts of data and making swift, accurate decisions, these systems have significantly boosted organizational efficiency. However, in these data-driven decision-making processes, there is a risk that value-based elements—such as ethics, humanity, and social responsibility—may be neglected. Challenges like algorithmic bias, transparency deficits, and accountability gaps in AI systems further confirm this concern. In this context, the Ethical Governance principles presented in the ancient Tamil ethical treatise, Thirukkural, possess the potential to provide value-based guidance for AI-driven administrative decision-making. This research paper examines the fundamental principles of virtue, justice, integrity, responsibility, and compassion emphasized by Thiruvalluvar, exploring how they can be integrated into AI management systems. AI systems can only emerge as ethical, responsible, and Human-Centric when a humanitarian foundation is added to their purely data-driven decision-making. The concept of "Thick Alignment" emphasizes that AI systems should not merely comply with superficial regulations but should operate by deeply understanding human values. Thirukkural’s ethical management principles provide the foundation for such deep understanding. This study serves as a bridge between traditional wisdom and modern technology, highlighting opportunities for future AI administrative decision-making systems to become more humane and ethical. Through this, a new management philosophy of "Technology with Humanity"—combining technological capability with the values of Thirukkural—will emerge.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Thirukkural
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethical Management
  topic: keywords
subject: AI Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethical Decision-Making
  topic: keywords
subject: Human-Centric AI, Accountability
  topic: keywords
creator: PARIMALAM T
creator: Srinivasan V.C.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-20
publication date: 2026-02-20
starting page: 1
ending page: 14
doi: 10.63300/tm10sp012026.01

தேவாரத் திருமுறைகளில் ஆற்றங்கரைத் தலங்களின் இயற்கை எழில் மற்றும் சுற்றுச்சூழல் விழுமியங்கள்: ஓர் விரிவான இலக்கிய ஆய்வு
type: item
description: In the history of Tamil literature, the period from the 7th to the 9th century CE is considered the golden age of the Bhakti movement. The Tevaram hymns, sung by the "Moovar Mudhaligal" (the three primary saints)—Thirugnana Sambandar, Thirunavukkarasar, and Sundaramurthy Nayanar—who lived during this period, praise the Divine while meticulously documenting the geography of Tamil Nadu, particularly the natural beauty of rivers and riverbank temple sites. Based on the realistic principle that "a town without a river has no beauty," these poets gave a prestigious place in their poetry to sacred sites located in towns with abundant water resources. This research article, using the research paper of Dr. A. Atheeswari and A. Murugesan as a primary source, extensively examines the natural beauty, geographical elements, and environmental understandings of rivers described in the Tevaram hymns. Key analyses of this article include how the Akam (inner/love) and Puram (outer/war) traditions of Sangam literature were transferred to the spiritual realm in Bhakti literature, and how the flow of rivers and the mountain products they carry are compared to Divine grace. Furthermore, this study presents a detailed perspective on how the natural descriptions of sites located on the banks of various rivers, including the Kaveri, Pennaiyar, Kedila, and Palar, serve as documents depicting the social and economic prosperity of those regions.'
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Tevaram
  topic: keywords
subject: Riverbank Sites
  topic: keywords
subject: Natural Beauty
  topic: keywords
subject: Bhakti Movement
  topic: keywords
subject: Moovar Mudhaligal
  topic: keywords
subject: Kaveri
  topic: keywords
subject: Pennaiyar
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental Aesthetics
  topic: keywords
subject: Saiva Siddhanta
  topic: keywords
creator: முனைவர் அ. ஆத்தீஸ்வரி
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-18
publication date: 2026-02-18
starting page: 44
ending page: 55
doi: 10.63300/

தமிழ்த் தல வருணனைகளில் மலைகளின் இலக்கிய மற்றும் ஆன்மீகப் பரிமாணங்கள்: ஒரு விரிவான ஆய்வு
type: item
description: The relationship between nature and humanity in Tamil society is not merely geographical; it is profoundly intertwined with spiritual and literary values. When Sangam literature categorized the land into five distinct landscapes (Tinai), it placed paramount importance on 'Kurinji'—the mountainous and hilly regions. These mountains, which served as vibrant arenas for love (Akam) and valor (Puram), transformed over time with the rise of devotional literature into divine abodes and sacred sites (Sthala Varnanai) fragrant with grace. This article comprehensively examines how the Kurinji Tinai traditions found in Sangam literature evolved into Sthala Varnanai (temple descriptions) within the Tevaram hymns. Specifically, it analyzes, based on data gathered from various sources, the natural beauty, the lifestyle of the flora and fauna, and the spiritual significance of mountains such as Annamalai, Eengoymalai, Kailayam, Kalahasti, Kutrallam, Kedaram, Kodungundram, Mudugundram, and Parangundram. This article establishes how the thematic elements of the Sangam Tinai were linked to divine grace in devotional literature, and demonstrates how these sites function as timeless 'Time Capsules.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Kurinji Tinai
  topic: keywords
subject: Sthala Varnanai (Temple Description)
  topic: keywords
subject: Tevaram
  topic: keywords
subject: Sangam Literature
  topic: keywords
subject: Bhakti Movement
  topic: keywords
subject: Natural Beauty
  topic: keywords
subject: Tiruvannamalai
  topic: keywords
subject: Tirumudugundram
  topic: keywords
creator: முனைவர் அ. ஆத்தீஸ்வரி
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-18
publication date: 2026-02-18
starting page: 33
ending page: 43
doi: 10.63300/

தேவாரத் திருத்தலங்களில் இயற்கை எழில் காட்சிகள்
type: item
description: In the history of Tamil literature, the Bhakti movement was not merely a religious propagation, but also stood as a great artistic and literary renaissance. The Tevaram hymns, which originated between the 7th and 9th centuries CE, presented the natural beauty of the Tamil landscape intertwined with divinity. This research paper meticulously examines the nature descriptions found in the hymns of the "Tevaram Trio"—Thirugnanasambandar, Thirunavukkarasar, and Sundaramurthy Swamigal. Specifically, hymns that illustrate the manner in which non-human beings (inanimate/animals) like elephants, monkeys, and birds worship the Lord are analyzed within the background of Saiva Siddhanta. This article elaborates on how the Tinai traditions (land-based poetic conventions) of Sangam literature underwent a spiritual transformation in Bhakti literature, and how nature has preserved the landscape of that era as a 'Time Capsule'. Furthermore, the importance of these hymns from a modern ecological perspective and the necessity of preserving the natural resources of the holy shrines are presented as research conclusions. தமிழ் இலக்கிய வரலாற்றில் பக்தி இயக்கம் என்பது வெறும் சமயப் பரப்புரையாக மட்டும் அமையாமல், ஒரு பெரும் கலை மற்றும் இலக்கிய மறுமலர்ச்சியாகவும் திகழ்ந்தது. கி.பி. ஏழாம் நூற்றாண்டு முதல் ஒன்பதாம் நூற்றாண்டு வரையிலான காலப்பகுதியில் தோன்றிய தேவாரப் பாடல்கள், தமிழ் நிலப்பரப்பின் இயற்கை எழிலைத் தெய்விகத் தன்மையோடு இணைத்து வழங்கின. இவ்வாய்வுக் கட்டுரை, தேவார மூவர் எனப்படும் திருஞானசம்பந்தர், திருநாவுக்கரசர் மற்றும் சுந்தரமூர்த்தி சுவாமிகள் ஆகியோரின் பாடல்களில் பயின்று வரும் இயற்கை வருணனைகளை நுணுக்கமாக ஆராய்கிறது. குறிப்பாக, அஃறிணை உயிரினங்களான யானைகள், குரங்குகள், பறவைகள் போன்றவை இறைவனை வழிபடும் பாங்கினை விளக்கும் பாடல்கள், சைவ சித்தாந்தப் பின்னணியில் பகுப்பாய்வு செய்யப்படுகின்றன. சங்க இலக்கியத் திணை மரபுகள் எவ்வாறு பக்தி இலக்கியத்தில் ஆன்மீக உருமாற்றம் பெற்றன என்பதையும், இயற்கை ஒரு 'காலப் பேழை'யாக (Time Capsule) அக்கால நிலவியலைப் பாதுகாத்து வைத்துள்ள விதத்தையும் இக்கட்டுரை விரிவா…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Tevaram
  topic: keywords
subject: Nature Description
  topic: keywords
subject: Saiva Siddhanta
  topic: keywords
subject: Five Tinai Traditions
  topic: keywords
subject: Bhakti Movement
  topic: keywords
creator: முனைவர் அ. ஆத்தீஸ்வரி
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-18
publication date: 2026-02-18
starting page: 23
ending page: 32
doi: 10.63300/

இயற்கைப் பொருளில் இறைவடிவம்: சங்க இலக்கியம் மற்றும் பக்தி இலக்கியத்தின் வழி ஓர் ஆழ்ந்த சுற்றுச்சூழல்-ஆன்மீக ஆய்வு
type: item
description: The Tamil literary tradition has long proposed a philosophy of life that exists in harmony with nature. Sangam literature established a poetic tradition where land and time were prioritized to reflect human emotions. Later Bhakti literature, particularly the hymns of the Thevaram Trio, absorbed these descriptive traditions of the Sangam era and developed the concept of Eco-Theology—perceiving the Divine in every atom of nature. This article explores, both philosophically and literarily, how the Thinai (landform) descriptions found in Sangam literature evolved into Divine manifestations in Bhakti literature. It provides a detailed analysis of how the hymns of the three primary saints—who saw God as the fragrance in a flower and the beauty in water—constructed a Spiritual Environmental Ethic. Furthermore, it describes how ancient Tamil thoughts on Thala Virutchams (sacred temple trees) and biodiversity conservation offer solutions to contemporary environmental degradation. தமிழ் இலக்கிய மரபானது பன்னெடுங்காலமாக இயற்கையோடு இயைந்த ஒரு வாழ்வியல் தத்துவத்தை முன்வைத்து வருகின்றது. சங்க இலக்கியங்கள் நிலத்தையும் பொழுதையும் முதன்மைப்படுத்தி மனித உணர்வுகளைப் பிரதிபலிக்கும் கவிதை மரபைக் கொண்டிருந்தன. பிற்காலத்தில் தோன்றிய பக்தி இலக்கியங்கள், குறிப்பாகத் தேவார மூவர் பாடல்கள், சங்க இலக்கியத்தின் வருணனை மரபுகளை உள்வாங்கிக்கொண்டு, இயற்கையின் ஒவ்வொரு அணுவிலும் இறைவனைக் காணும் 'இயற்கையிறைமைக்' கோட்பாட்டை (Eco-Theology) உருவாக்கின. இக்கட்டுரை, சங்க இலக்கியத்தில் காணப்படும் திணை வருணனைகள் எவ்வாறு பக்தி இலக்கியத்தில் இறைவடிவமாகப் பரிணமித்தன என்பதைத் தத்துவார்த்த ரீதியாகவும், இலக்கிய ரீதியாகவும் ஆராய்கிறது. இறைவனைப் பூவில் வாசமாகவும், புனலில் பொற்பாகவும் கண்ட மூவர் முதலிகளின் பாடல்கள், இயற்கையைப் பாதுகாப்பதற்கான ஓர் ஆன்மீக அறவியலை (Environmental Ethics) எங்ஙனம் கட்டமைத்தன என்பதை இக்கட்டுரை விரிவாகப் பகுப்பாய்வு செய்கிறது. மேலும், தலவிருட்சங்கள் மற்றும் பல்லுயிர் ஓம்பல் குறித்த பண்டைய தமிழரின் சிந்தனைகள் தற்காலச் சுற்றுச்சூழல் சீரழிவுக்கு எவ்விதமான தீர்வுகளை வழங்குகின்றன என்பதையும் இது விவ…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sangam Literature
  topic: keywords
subject: Bhakti Literature
  topic: keywords
subject: Thevaram Trio
  topic: keywords
subject: Eco-Theology
  topic: keywords
subject: Ainthinai (Five Landscapes)
  topic: keywords
subject: Thala Virutcham (Sacred Trees)
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental Ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Saiva Siddhanta
  topic: keywords
creator: முனைவர் அ. ஆத்தீஸ்வரி
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-18
publication date: 2026-02-18
starting page: 13
ending page: 22
doi: 10.63300/

தேவாரத்தில் இறை மற்றும் கொடை குறித்த புகழ்மொழிகள்: சங்க இலக்கியத் தொடர்ச்சியும் சைவ சித்தாந்தப் பரிணாமமும்
type: item
description: In the history of Tamil literature, both the Sangam period and the Bhakti period play pivotal roles in shaping the ethical values of Tamil society. The panegyrics originally attributed to kings and philanthropists in Sangam literature evolved during the Bhakti literary period—specifically in Thevaram hymns—into eulogies addressed to the Divine. This paper conducts a comparative analysis of the themes of bounty (Kodai) and fame (Pugazh) found in the Purananuru poems of Sangam literature against the verses of the Thevaram. Specifically, it investigates how Sangam concepts such as Kodaimadam (boundless generosity/innocent giving) and Padaimadam (valor/innocence in warfare) have been elevated to the divine plane of Arul Kodai (The Bounty of Grace) in the Thevaram. Based on Saiva Siddhanta philosophy, the paper elaborates on how a soul can purge its Vinai (Karma) by singing the praises of the Lord, and how the virtue of charity is conceptualized as a spiritual aesthetic in the lives of devotees. Ultimately, this study affirms that the Puram (exterior/heroic) traditions of the Sangam era assumed a new form within the Bhakti movement, thereby paving the way for social and spiritual transformation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Thevaram
  topic: keywords
subject: Purananuru
  topic: keywords
subject: Kodaimadam
  topic: keywords
subject: Saiva Siddhanta
  topic: keywords
subject: Removal of Karma (Vinai)
  topic: keywords
subject: Mummalangal (Three Impurities)
  topic: keywords
subject: Arul Kodai (Bounty of Grace)
  topic: keywords
subject: Paadaan Thinai
  topic: keywords
creator: முனைவர் அ. ஆத்தீஸ்வரி
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-18
publication date: 2026-02-18
starting page: 1
ending page: 12
doi: 10.63300/

சங்க அகநானூற்றுக் குறிஞ்சித்திணைப் பாடல்களில் யானையின் மூலம் வலியுறுத்தப்படும் வாழ்வியல் நெறிகள்
type: item
description: This article examines how ancient Tamil poets attempted to express human life and lived experiences by describing the actions of the elephant, a non-human living being, in the akam poems they composed. Furthermore, by portraying the heroine’s condition based on the elephant, her state is clearly communicated to the hero. இக்கட்டுரைப் பழந்தமிழ்ப் புலவர்கள் தாங்கள் புனைந்த அகப்பாடல்களில் அஃறிணை உயிராகிய யானையின் செயல்பாடுகளை விவரிப்பதன் மூலம் வாழ்க்கையை வெளிப்படுத்தும் முயற்சிகளை எவ்வாறு செய்தார்கள் என்பது ஆராயப்படுகின்றது. மேலும் இங்கு தலைவியின் நிலையை யானையை அடிப்படையாகக் கொண்டு விவரிப்பதன் மூலம் தலைவியின் நிலை தலைவனுக்குத் தெளிவுபடுத்தப்படுகின்றது.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Akananuru
  topic: keywords
subject: Kurinji Thinai
  topic: keywords
subject: Elephant
  topic: keywords
subject: Life Values
  topic: keywords
creator: இரா. செல்லக்கண்ணு
creator: பேரா. முனைவர் ச. இரவி
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 952
ending page: 956
doi: 10.63300/tm0403122538

முல்லை நில ஆயர் சமூகத்தின் வாழ்வியலில் கொடாப்பின் பயன்பாடும் பண்பாட்டு முக்கியத்துவமும்
type: item
description: This study examines the significance of the Kodappu in the life practices of the Aayar community associated with the Mullai landscape. Constructed using readily available natural materials such as bamboo poles, palm leaves, and fibers, the Kodappu functions as an indispensable structure in both the temporary and permanent living arrangements of the Aayars. In particular, the Pullinathu Aayars, including shepherds who rear goats, extensively use the kodappu for protecting livestock as well as for residential purposes. In the Mullai landscape, where livestock rearing constitutes the primary occupation, the kodappu serves as a protective shield safeguarding animals from natural elements such as heat and rain, as well as from attacks by wild animals like dogs, foxes, tigers, and leopards. Its functions further extend to protecting young offspring, isolating sick animals, and facilitating feeding practices, thereby broadening its practical utility. Moreover, for the nomadic Aayars who follow a migratory lifestyle, the kodappu provides a simple and efficient means of erecting temporary shelters to meet immediate residential needs. The use of the kodappu across various aspects of life—such as habitation, storage of goods, cooking, bathing, and ritual worship-reflects the nature-oriented life practices and traditional knowledge systems of the Aayar community. Thus, this study argues that the kodappu is not merely a structural form but also serves as a vital cultural symbol representing the identity and lived traditions of the Aayar community.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Kodappu
  topic: keywords
subject: Ayar Samoogam
  topic: keywords
subject: Aattidaiyarkal
  topic: keywords
subject: Valasai Vazhkkai
  topic: keywords
subject: Paarambariya Kudiyiruppu
  topic: keywords
subject: Naattar Kattidakkalai
  topic: keywords
creator: ந.சீனிவாசன்
creator: பேரா. முனைவர் ச. இரவி
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 945
ending page: 951
doi: 10.63300/

சித்தர்கள் குறிப்பிட்ட வல்லாரை மூலிகையின் மரபு மருத்துவப் பயன்பாடுகள்: இலக்கிய அடிப்படையிலான ஆய்வு
type: item
description: In the Siddha medical tradition, Vallarai (Centella asiatica or Gotu Kola) is a key herb that has been valued for centuries as a "brain strengthener," "nerve tonic," and "mind soothing supplement." Its uses are extensively documented in Siddha texts like Yaazhpaana Vaithiyam (Jaffna Medicine) and other rural medical handbooks. When these traditional references are re-evaluated in light of modern phytochemical and pharmacological research, the versatile benefits of Vallarai are confirmed. The active compounds found in this herb, such as triterpenoids, explain the scientific basis for its reported actions, including memory stimulation and nerve regeneration. Furthermore, Vallarai has other medicinal applications, such as healing skin wounds, regulating digestive function, and assisting in the control of diabetes. This article systematically compiles the traditional uses of Vallarai based on Siddha classical literature and investigates how these traditional practices are being corroborated by modern scientific studies. சித்த மருத்துவ மரபில் வல்லாரை (செண்டெல்லா ஆசியாட்டிகா) "மூளை வலிமையூட்டி", "நரம்பு நலம் பேணும் மருந்து" மற்றும் "மன அமைதி தரும் சத்து" என பல நூற்றாண்டுகளாக மதிக்கப்படும் ஒரு முக்கிய மூலிகையாகும். சித்த நூல்களான யாழ்ப்பாண வைத்தியம் மற்றும் பிற கிராமிய மருத்துவ கையேடுகளில் இதன் பயன்பாடு விரிவாக ஆவணப்படுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளது. இந்த மரபுக் குறிப்புகள், நவீன தாவரவேதியியல் மற்றும் மருந்தியல் ஆய்வுகளின் ஒளியில் மீண்டும் மதிப்பீடு செய்யப்படும்போது, வல்லாரையின் பல்துறை நலன்கள் உறுதிப்படுகின்றன. இந்த மூலிகையில் காணப்படும் டிரைடர்பெனாய்டுகள் போன்ற செயலூக்கப் பொருட்கள், நினைவாற்றலைத் தூண்டுதல் மற்றும் நரம்புச் சீராக்கம் ஆகியவற்றுக்கான அறிவியல் அடிப்படையை விளக்குகின்றன. மேலும், வல்லாரை தோல் காயங்களை குணப்படுத்துதல், செரிமான செயல்பாட்டை சீர்படுத்துதல் மற்றும் நீரிழிவு நோயின் கட்டுப்பாட்டுக்கு உதவுதல் போன்ற பிற மருத்துவ பயன்களையும் கொண்டுள்ளது. இக்கட்டுரை சித்த மரபிலக்கியங்களை ஆதாரமாகக் கொண்டு, வல்லாரையின் பாரம்பரிய பயன்பாடுகளை முறைப்படுத்தி, அவை நவீன ஆய்வுகளில் எவ்வாறு உறுதி…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Memory Stimulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Nerve Regeneration
  topic: keywords
subject: Skin Healing
  topic: keywords
subject: Digestive Regulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Diabetes Control
  topic: keywords
subject: Siddha Herbal Systems
  topic: keywords
creator: முனைவர் இரா. செங்கோட்டுவேல்
creator: டாக்டர் வி.சி. சீனிவாசன்
creator: டாக்டர் அ. லட்சுமி துத்தாய்
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-25
publication date: 2025-12-25
starting page: 935
ending page: 944
doi: 10.63300/tm0403122536

சித்தமருத்துவக் கோட்பாடுகளில் கடுக்காயின் மருந்தியல் பண்புகள் : ஓர் ஆய்வுப் பார்வை
type: item
description: Siddha Medicine forms the fundamental knowledge structure of Tamil life and culture. It possesses a vast medical philosophy that integrates the three states—Body, Life (Prana/Soul), and Mind (Consciousness)—and views disease in three stages: Noy (Disease), Kaarana (Cause), and Karmam (Action/Result). Among the herbs that play a significant role within this philosophy, Kadukkai (Terminalia chebula) is considered the foremost medicinal substance. In Siddha pharmacology, Kadukkai, also known as 'Abhaya', is one of the key components of Thiribala (Triphala) and acts as a medicine that induces biological changes in conjunction with the 96 Tattvas (Philosophical Principles). This article extensively explores the role of Kadukkai within Siddha medical principles and its pharmacological activity. Historically, Kadukkai has been used in various forms in traditional Siddha medicines such as Choornam (powder), Kashayam (decoction), Legiyam (confection), Arishtam (fermented liquid), and Sathira Marundhukal (special internal medicines). It is recognized for its protective and therapeutic potential for various organ systems, including the intestines, skin, blood, nerves, heart, and brain. Furthermore, references to natural medicine found in Sangam Literature (ancient Tamil literature) are considered a continuation of the Siddha tradition, which helps explain the properties of forest fruit medicines like Kadukkai. This article integrates references from Siddha texts, the subtleties of Sangam Literature, and modern biological evidence to establish a new perspective for comprehensively investigating the pharmacological significance of Kadukkai. சித்த மருத்துவம் தமிழர் வாழ்வியலின் அடிப்படை அறிவுக் கட்டமைப்பாகும். இது உடல், உயிர், உள்ளம் ஆகிய மூன்று நிலைகளையும் ஒருங்கிணைத்து நோயை நோய், காரண, கருமம் என்ற மூன்று நிலைகளில் பார்வையிடும் பரந்த மருத்துவத் தத்துவம் கொண்டுள்ளது. இந்தத் தத்துவத்திற்குள் முக்கிய பங்கை வகிக்கும் மூலிகைகளில் கடுக்காய் (Terminalia chebula) மிகச்சிறந்த மருந்துப் பொ…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Siddha Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Traditional Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Kadukkai (Terminalia chebula)
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmacological Properties
  topic: keywords
subject: Herbal Medicine
  topic: keywords
creator: முனைவர். க.சந்தானம்
creator: முனைவர். ச. பத்மா
creator: டாக்டர் வி.சி. சீனிவாசன்
creator: டாக்டர் அ. லட்சுமி துத்தாய்
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 922
ending page: 934
doi: 10.63300/

சித்தர் பாடல்களில் தும்பை குறித்த குறியீட்டு, தத்துவப் பொருள் விளக்கங்கள்
type: item
description: Siddhar songs are a unique literary form where the philosophy and medical knowledge of Tamil Siddhars (sages) are intricately combined and expressed. In these songs, the herb "Thumbai" (Leucas aspera) acts not only for its health benefits but also as a powerful symbolic emblem. The Siddhars have employed it to convey multi-layered concepts such as 'purity', 'purification', 'annihilation of the mind' (manas's dissolution), and 'subtle spiritual power'. This article examines the symbolic and philosophical dimensions of Thumbai, drawing upon Siddhar songs as primary sources. Furthermore, it comprehensively analyzes the herb's traditional medicinal uses, the metaphors employed by the Siddhars, and the relevance of these concepts to recent modern pharmacological research. Through this synthesis, the study demonstrates how the insights of ancient knowledge converge with the corroboration of modern science. தமிழ்ச் சித்தர்களின் தத்துவமும் மருத்துவ அறிவும் இணைந்து வெளிப்படும் சிறப்பு இலக்கிய வடிவமே சித்தர் பாடல்களாகும். இப்பாடல்களில் "தும்பை" (Leucas aspera) என்ற மூலிகை, அதன் உடல்நலப் பயன்களைத் தாண்டி, ஒரு சக்திவாய்ந்த குறியீட்டுச் சின்னமாகவும் செயல்படுகிறது. சித்தர்கள் இதைத் 'தூய்மை', 'சுத்திகரிப்பு', 'மனத்தின் கருவறுப்பு' மற்றும் 'நுண்ணிய ஆன்மீக ஆற்றல்' போன்ற பல அடுக்கான கருத்துகளை வெளிப்படுத்த பயன்படுத்தியுள்ளனர். இக்கட்டுரை சித்தர் பாடல்களை முதன்மை ஆதாரமாகக் கொண்டு, தும்பையின் இந்தக் குறியீட்டு மற்றும் தத்துவப் பரிமாணங்களை ஆய்வு செய்கிறது. மேலும், இம்மூலிகையின் பாரம்பரிய மருத்துவப் பயன்பாடுகள், சித்தர்கள் கையாண்டுள்ள உவமானங்கள் மற்றும் அண்மைய நவீன மருந்தியல் ஆராய்ச்சிகளுடனான பொருத்தம் ஆகியவற்றையும் இது விரிவாகப் பகுப்பாய்வு செய்கிறது. இந்த இணைப்பு மூலம், பண்டைய அறிவின் நுண்ணறிவும் நவீன அறிவியலின் உறுதிப்பாடும் எவ்வாறு ஒன்றிணைகின்றன என்பதை இந்த ஆய்வு வெளிப்படுத்துகிறது.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Thumbai (Leucas aspera)
  topic: keywords
subject: Siddhar Songs
  topic: keywords
subject: Symbolic Meaning
  topic: keywords
subject: Spiritual Philosophy
  topic: keywords
subject: Traditional Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Mental Purification
  topic: keywords
creator: பா. மகேசுவரி
creator: டாக்டர் வி.சி. சீனிவாசன்
creator: டாக்டர் அ. லட்சுமி துத்தாய்
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 910
ending page: 921
doi: 10.63300/tm0403122534

சித்தர் பாடல்களில் அருகம்புல்: தெய்வீகச் சின்னமும் உயிர்சக்தியின் வெளிப்பாடும்
type: item
description: In the rich cultural and spiritual landscape of Tamil Nadu, Arugam Pul (Cynodon dactylon), venerated as "Turvey," emerges as a sacred bridge between earthly existence and cosmic harmony in Siddha poetry. Revered by ancient Tamil sages as a living emblem of pranic energy and interconnectedness, this resilient grass symbolizes renewal (pudhithu uyir), fertility, and the soul’s journey toward liberation (moksha). Siddha verses poetically depict its growth as a metaphor for spiritual resilience, likening its unyielding roots and upward-reaching leaves to the balance of dharma and the pursuit of transcendence. Ritualistically woven into thiruman and puja practices, Arugam Pul embodies nature’s humility and purity. Modern science now validates this ancient wisdom, uncovering its potent phytochemistry: antioxidants like cynodone, beta-carotene, and polyphenols exhibit antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immune-enhancing properties. A 2023 study in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology highlights its efficacy in treating diabetes and skin infections, aligning with Siddha traditions that recognized its holistic healing potential. The plant’s silica content further supports bone and skin health, echoing its historical role in wound care. This dual narrative—myth and molecular—underscores Arugam Pul as a microcosm of life’s duality. Siddha philosophers and contemporary researchers converge in acknowledging the plant’s role in balancing physical and metaphysical realms, emphasizing interconnectivity. As both a sacred text and a medicinal remedy, Arugam Pul invites reflection on the synthesis of traditional ecological knowledge and modern science. It stands as a testament to the timeless truth that nature’s wisdom, when understood and honored, nurtures body and soul alike. The Siddha proverb, “Turvey iva, thavam iva” (“the grass is life, the life is grass”), encapsulates this cyclical unity, urging a revival of reverence for Earth’s living wisdom in an age often disconnected from t…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Arugam Pul
  topic: keywords
subject: Cynodon dactylon
  topic: keywords
subject: Siddha Songs
  topic: keywords
subject: Traditional Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Balance, Antimicrobial Properties
  topic: keywords
creator: முனைவர் அ. சக்திரம்யா
creator: டாக்டர் வி.சி. சீனிவாசன்
creator: டாக்டர் அ. லட்சுமி துத்தாய்
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr A. Sakthiramya, Dr. V. C. Srinivasan, Dr. A. Lakshmi Duttai (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 898
ending page: 909
doi: 10.63300/tm0403122533

கேரளப் பண்பாடும் மருமக்கத்தாயப் பாலியல் உறவுகளும்
type: item
description: Kerala’s historical matrilineal sociocultural system, Marumakkathayam, and its associated practice of Sambandham—a fluid, non-formalized union system—offer a compelling lens to interrogate the intersections of caste, gender, and power in South Indian social organization. This paper examines how matrilineality, though granting women unprecedented roles as heads of the Tarawad (maternal household) and stewards of property, was deeply entangled with caste hierarchies that both empowered and constrained female agency. By centering the dynamics of Sambandham, the study reveals how procreative alliances were negotiated to reinforce caste-specific economic and political interests, with upper-caste women navigating controlled relationships to uphold purity norms, while lower-caste women’s unions often reflected instrumental socioeconomic dependencies. The analysis further situates Kerala’s matrilineal framework within a paradox: while it subverted patriarchal hegemony by prioritizing maternal descent, it simultaneously entrenched caste power through strategic resource distribution and gendered hierarchies. Cultural practices like the exception of breast exposure in rituals epitomize the symbolic valorization of motherhood, yet underscore how such autonomy was policed by caste-bound social codes. The eventual decline of Marumakkathayam in the 20th century—ushered by colonial legal reforms and modernization—eroded women’s inherited rights, leaving a fragmented legacy that persists in contemporary Kerala’s cultural memory and gender discourse. By challenging reductive portrayals of matrilineality as an outright antithesis to patriarchy, the paper argues for a nuanced understanding of kinship as a site of both resistance and complicity within structured social hierarchies. This study contributes to global dialogues on non-patriarchal systems, emphasizing their complexity and the enduring influence of historical power structures on present-day gender dynamics. கேரளாவின் வரலாற்று…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Matrilineal System
  topic: keywords
subject: Caste and Patriarchal Dominance
  topic: keywords
subject: Breast Exposure Exception
  topic: keywords
subject: Maternal Rights
  topic: keywords
creator: டாக்டர். காமராஜ் S
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Kamaraj S (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 892
ending page: 897
doi: 10.63300/

சித்தர்கள் குறிப்பிட்ட ஆடாதொடை மூலிகையின் மரபு மருத்துவக் கோட்பாடுகள்: நுண்ணறிவு பகுப்பாய்வு
type: item
description: Adhatoda (Also known as Adhatoda, Justicia adhatoda) is a revered herb in Siddha medicine, traditionally celebrated for its efficacy in treating respiratory disorders such as asthma and bronchial conditions. This article systematically organizes the medical theories described in Siddha literary texts regarding Adhatoda and examines the correlation between these traditional frameworks and findings from modern phytochemical and pharmacological studies. Siddha texts elaborate on the use of Adhatoda by precisely detailing dosage, purification practices, formulation methods, and its pharmacological properties, including taste (rasa), inherent nature (guna), effect on body constitution (virya), and final therapeutic outcomes. These traditional parameters highlight an intelligent and structured approach to medicine aimed at enhancing the herb’s biological efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. The study contrasts Siddha medical theories with contemporary phytochemical and pharmacological research. For instance, the Siddhars’ recommendation of Adhatoda for respiratory ailments such as cough, asthma, and bronchial congestion aligns with modern scientific confirmation of compounds like the alkaloid vasicine in its leaves. These compounds exhibit expectorant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The research draws on Siddha literature, Tamil medical documents, and modern scientific studies to validate these insights. ஆடாதொடை (அடதோடை, Justicia adhatoda) சித்த மருத்துவ மரபில் நுரையீரல் மற்றும் சுவாசப் பாதை நோய்களுக்கான முக்கிய மூலிகையாக போற்றப்படுகிறது. இக்கட்டுரை, சித்த மரபு இலக்கியங்களில் இந்த மூலிகை குறித்து விவரிக்கப்பட்டுள்ள மருத்துவக் கோட்பாடுகளை முறைப்படுத்தி, அவற்றுக்கும் நவீன மருந்தியல் ஆய்வுகள் கண்டறிந்த வேதியியல், மருந்தியல் பண்புகளுக்கும் இடையேயான ஒத்திசைவை ஆய்வு செய்கிறது. சித்த நூல்கள் ஆடாதொடையின் பயன்பாட்டை விவரிக்கையில், குறிப்பிட்ட அளவு (Dosage), தேவையான சுத்திகரிப்பு நடைமுறைகள் (Purification), மருந்து தயாரிப்பு முறைகள் (Formulation) என்பவற்றுடன்…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Adhatoda
  topic: keywords
subject: Siddha Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Traditional Medical Theory
  topic: keywords
subject: Respiratory Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmacological Research
  topic: keywords
subject: Phytochemicals
  topic: keywords
creator: முனைவர் தெ. கீதா
creator: டாக்டர் வி.சி. சீனிவாசன்
creator: டாக்டர் அ. லட்சுமி துத்தாய்
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. D. Geetha, Dr. V. C. Srinivasan, Dr. A. Lakshmi Duttai (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 881
ending page: 891
doi: 10.63300/tm0403122531