சாக்தம்: சக்தியை (அன்னை பராசக்தி) முதன்மைக் கடவுளாகக் கொண்டு வழிபடும் முறை

Shaktism: The System of Worshipping Shakti (Mother Parasakti) as the Supreme Deity

Abstract

Shakti worship is one of the most ancient and influential traditions within Indian religious systems. Archaeological evidence discovered in the Mohenjo-daro and Harappa civilizations (2600–1900 BCE) confirms the existence of mother goddess worship. Shaktism is defined as the religious path that accepts and worships Mother Parasakti as the Supreme Reality and the cosmic energy driving the universe. The Shakta religion believes that Shakti is the foundational energy behind the three cosmic functions: creation, preservation, and destruction. Concepts of Shakti are also found in Vedic texts, specifically in the Kausitaki Brahmana and the Taittiriya Samhita.

The primary forms of Shakti worshipped include:

•    Durga (Protection)

•    Kali (Destruction)

•    Lakshmi (Wealth)

•    Saraswati (Arts/Knowledge)

•    Parvati (Love)

All of these are regarded as different manifestations of the single, supreme Parasakti. While Shakti worship is prevalent across India in various forms, Amman worship in Tamil Nadu is deeply intertwined with the daily lives of the people. Rituals centered around Mariamman, Pongal, and the offering of Koozh (porridge) are unique highlights of Shakti worship in Tamil Nadu.

Tantra and Mantra are integral components of Shakta worship. Considering Shakti to be the creative power of the Divine, this tradition views male deities as complementary counterparts to Shakti. It offers a unique, goddess-centric perspective as an alternative to traditional patriarchal religious structures.

This article explores the origins, philosophy, diverse forms, worship methods, and ethical thoughts of Shaktism. In contemporary times, Shakta practices continue to hold immense significance through festivals like Navaratri and Dasara, as well as through vibrant Amman temples.