LAND OWNERSHIP AND TAXATION UNDER KONGU CHOLAS: GLEANED FROM INSCRIPTIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63300/Keywords:
Land Ownership, Mannarai, Brahmadeyam, Devadhana, Kaniyatchi, Manrattu, KadamaiAbstract
This study examines the pastoral economy, land ownership and taxation methods of Medieval Kongu Nadu under the Kongu Cholas based on epigraphical sources. It goes over the region's transactional phase from nomadic pastoral society to an organised agri based economy. This paper details the land tenure system which includes Mannarai (crown lands), Brahmadeyam (tax free lands gifted to brahmins), Devadhana( lands to the temple), service tenure, and the existence of private and communal ownership. Moreover it prioritizes distinctive administrative concepts such as Kaniyatchi and Manrattu. This paper also demarcates the government’s revenue channel, noting the tax is like Kadamai, were implemented based on the fertility of the soil, the land tenure and it was collected in cash or kind. This paper showcases a self sufficient and affluent medieval Kongu economy, supported by land recoupment, organised trade guilds and trade connections.
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