இந்து தத்துவத்தில் பாதாள லோகம்: ஆன்மிகமும் பிரபஞ்சமும்

Patala-loka in Hindu Philosophy: Spirituality and the Universe

Abstract

Hindu philosophy explains the structure of the universe with immense depth and breadth. According to the Vedas, Agamas, and Puranas, the cosmos consists of fourteen worlds (Lokas), divided into seven upper worlds and seven lower worlds. Among these, Patala-loka stands as the seventh and most significant of the lower realms. While Patala is commonly perceived only as a world of darkness and suffering, Hindu philosophy describes it as a realm of power, wealth, Naga-kings, and hidden spiritual forces. Puranas such as the Vishnu Purana and Srimad Bhagavatam explain Patala-loka in great detail as a world of Maya (illusion), mantra-shaktis, and supernatural phenomena.

The Puranas state that Naga-kings, including Vasuki, reside here and that this realm is filled with immense opulence. However, Patala is not permanent; its inhabitants must also return to the cycle of rebirth after experiencing the fruits of their karma. The principle that Moksha (liberation) is the only permanent freedom applies here as well. This research article explores the position of Patala-loka in Hindu philosophy, its cosmological structure, mythological descriptions, and spiritual significance. Furthermore, the connection between Patala-loka and human psychology and spiritual growth is explained. Patala is not merely a mythological fantasy; it serves as a metaphor for the deepest layers of the human subconscious. In the journey from darkness to light, Patala is considered one of the stages that a human must transcend.