Cultural Traditions of The Irulas at Attukal: A Historical Study of Music and Folk Arts

Abstract

The Irulas are one of the major tribal communities of South India, living mainly in the foothills and forested regions of the Western Ghats. This study focuses on the cultural traditions of the Irulas of Attukal, a tribal settlement near Thondamuthur in Coimbatore district, with special reference to their music and folk arts. Folk songs occupy an important place in their cultural life and are sung on various occasions, including agricultural activities, religious rituals, courtship, funerals, and social gatherings. These songs reflect the community’s emotions, beliefs, occupations, and social values. The study also examines the traditional musical instruments used by the Irulas, such as the manparai, dhavil, kogalu, and jaldra, which are made from locally available materials and form an integral part of their cultural practices. Dance performances, particularly kummi and other ceremonial dances, are closely associated with festivals and life-cycle events such as marriages, funerals, and puberty rites. In addition, the folk tales of the Irulas provide valuable insights into their worldview, religious beliefs, and social customs. Using historical and ethnographic methods, this study highlights the role of oral traditions and folk arts in preserving the cultural identity and collective memory of the Attukal Irulas. The paper emphasizes the importance of documenting and safeguarding these traditions, which continue to enrich the cultural heritage and diversity of Tamil Nadu.