சிவனின் கூத்துத்தத்துவம்: ஆன்மிகமும் அழகியலும்

Shiva's Philosophy of Dance: Spirituality and Aesthetics

Abstract

Shiva's dance is not merely an artistic performance; it is a profound spiritual expression that symbolizes the cosmic processes governing the universe and human existence. In the Shaiva tradition, Shiva manifests as Nataraja, whose Tandava embodies the five divine acts (Pancha Krityas): creation (Srishti), preservation (Sthiti), destruction (Samhara), concealment (Tirobhava), and grace (Anugraha). Through dance, these cosmic functions are communicated in a form that is accessible to human perception. Every bodily movement, footwork, and hand gesture in Shiva's dance signifies deep metaphysical concepts. The image of Nataraja worshipped at the Chidambaram temple, centered on the principle of Akasha (space), represents the highest expression of the philosophy of dance. The suppression of the demon Apasmara symbolizes the destruction of ignorance, while the raised foot signifies liberation (moksha). The ring of fire (Prabhamandala) surrounding Shiva represents the cyclical nature of time and cosmic energy, creating a powerful aesthetic experience. These visual and symbolic elements evoke rasa (aesthetic emotion) in the viewer, enabling spiritual realization through artistic appreciation. Shiva's philosophy of dance is deeply reflected in Tamil Shaiva literary works such as Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam, Tevaram, and Thiruvasagam. In these texts, Shiva's divine play (lila), in which he mingles with devotees and performs dance, highlights his compassion, simplicity, and grace. Dance thus becomes a medium that strengthens the bond between the divine and the devotee. Therefore, Shiva's philosophy of dance may be understood as a sublime synthesis of spirituality and aesthetics.