இரட்டைக் காப்பியமான மணிமேகலையில் நிலையாமையும் அறநெறியும்

Impermanence and Ethics in the Twin Epic Manimekalai

Abstract

In the history of Tamil literature, the epics that emerged during the post-Sangam period (Sangam Maruviya Kaalam) stand as testaments to the ethical values and religious harmony of Tamil society. Among them, Manimekalai, authored by Seethalai Sathanar, is a sublime ethical work that explains Buddhist doctrines in a manner suited to the Tamil context.

This article provides a detailed analysis of the concept of impermanence (Nilaiyamai) and ethical thoughts embedded within the epic Manimekalai. Specifically, it analyzes how the philosophies of the impermanence of the physical body (Yaakkai Nilaiyamai), the impermanence of youth (Ilamai Nilaiyamai), and the impermanence of wealth (Selva Nilaiyamai) are explained through the characters of the epic. It further examines how this great epic presents the fundamental tenets of Buddhism, such as the Twelve Nidanas (Twelve Links of Causality), the consequences of good and evil deeds (Karma), and ideas for social reform.

Literature has continuously evolved through the ages in the form of various books. Within these works, the "four goals of life" (Uruthi Porul) and the nature of impermanence are highlighted. This article discusses in depth how suffering arises due to past sins, the principles of sustenance (Aruthinathu Kotpadu), and the spiritual benefits of performing penance (Thavam). The life journey of Manimekalai subtly illustrates her transformation from an ordinary woman born into the courtesan clan into a noble ascetic and a divine figure who alleviates the "malady of hunger" (Pasippini).