Fishing Technology and Coastal Livelihood in Ancient Tamil Society: Evidence from Sangam Literature

Abstract

Tamil Sangam literature provides a rich and detailed window into the environment, lifestyle, industries, and cultural structures of ancient Tamil society. Among the various themes, Neithal Thinai stands out, vividly depicting coastal and marine life, which were integral to this society. The literature extensively elaborates on the lives of Neithal land dwellers, highlighting their maritime knowledge, fishing techniques, community interactions, and their use of marine resources. Key texts such as Agananooru, Purananooru, Natrinai, Kurunthogai, Ingurunooru, and Pattinappalai serve as vital sources, offering deep insights into coastal living and its multifaceted aspects. This paper aims to explore in greater detail the traditional weaving practices, fishing tools, and techniques described in the Sangam texts, as well as the social life of the Parathava community and methods of marine resource utilisation. Additionally, it seeks to shed light on the sophisticated maritime science and the environmental consciousness embedded within Sangam poetry, reflecting the community’s respect for nature and sustainable practices.