சங்க இலக்கியங்களில் வணிகப் பாதைகள், கடல் வாணிபம் மற்றும் உலகமயமாக்கல்: நவீன சர்வதேச வணிகத்துடன் ஒப்பீட்டு ஆய்வு

Trade Routes, Maritime Trade, and Globalization in Sangam Literature: A Comparative Study with Modern International Business

Abstract

This paper examines the trade routes, port infrastructure, export-import commodities, monetary systems, and overseas connections documented in Sangam literature, comparing them with the fundamental components of modern globalization. Based on references found in texts such as Akananuru, Purananuru, Pattinappalai, Maduraikkanchi, Mullaippattu, and Nedunalvadai, this article reviews the trade relations ancient Tamil Nadu maintained with the Yavanas (Romans), Egypt, Arabia, and Southeast Asian countries. Furthermore, it explores the contributions of ports like Muziris (Musiri), Korkai, Thondi, and Kaveripoompattinam, along with the trade administrative structures of that era, to highlight their similarities and differences with today's international trade networks, free trade agreements, and technology-driven globalization from a comparative perspective. The paper also presents the lessons that Sangam-era trade experiences offer to modern economic policies.