திருக்குறள் கூறும் பாலுணர்வு கள்ளிலா? காமத்திலா?: ஓர் நரம்பியல் உடற்கூற்றியல் ஒப்பாய்வு

Is the Sexual Desire Described in Thirukkural Akin to Toddy or Lust?: A Neuro-Anatomical Comparative Study

Abstract

This research paper analyzes the neurological differences and similarities between sexual desire and alcoholism (consumption of toddy/liquor) as mentioned in Thirukkural—the pinnacle of classical Tamil literature (specifically in Kamathupal under the chapter Punarchi Vithumbal)—based on the principles of modern neurobiology and neuroanatomy. Valluvar emphasizes that kamam (lust/love) is softer than a flower, and its fulfillment must be attained by recognizing the appropriate timing. Concurrently, he compares the addiction of consuming toddy with a human's moral self-control.

By comparing these concepts with the studies of modern neuroscientists such as Eric Kandel, Simon LeVay, George Koob, and Ellen Laan, this paper extensively examines the functions of brain regions like the hypothalamus, amygdala, basal ganglia, and prefrontal cortex, alongside the contributions of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and oxytocin. This study reveals how intricately the ancient Tamils' understanding of physiology and psychology aligns with the laws of neuroscience.