புறநானூற்றில் பெண்பாற் புலவர்கள் கூறும் தமிழர் பண்பாடு

Tamil culture mentioned by women poets in Purananuru

Abstract

Language has evolved from the spoken word to written form and eventually into literature. Female poets stood on equal footing with their male counterparts in the art of composing poetry. Numerous texts elucidate the heroic age depicted in Sangam literature. Through their verses, these women—possessing tender hearts—have articulated themes of heroism, the unique identity of women, and Tamil culture.

The study highlights the distinct qualities, valor, and poetic prowess of these female poets. Their works encompass diverse subjects such as widowhood, the anguish of loss (kaiyaru-nilai), the significance of friendship and virtue, the ascetic life, and various other themes. Furthermore, their compositions offer invaluable historical insight into the socio-political dynamics, ethical codes, and domestic structures of ancient Tamil society. By challenging the traditional dichotomy between male-dominated war poetry (Puram) and internal emotion (Agam), these poets brought a nuanced, empathetic lens to the realities of conflict, statecraft, and sacrifice. Ultimately, this research underscores how the literary contributions of Sangam female poets not only enriched Tamil literature but also cemented their role as pivotal custodians of cultural identity and moral philosophy.