Abstract
Thirumoolar’s Thirumandhiram stands as the foundational text of Saiva Siddhantha. It explores the deepest states of the human mind through the lenses of Yoga and Jnana (wisdom). Conversely, Sigmund Freud’s psychological theories categorize the mind into the conscious, subconscious, and unconscious, revealing how repressed desires influence behavior. Both systems share common ground in their understanding of the hidden dimensions of the psyche.
For instance, the Thirumandhiram states:
"He is the Universe, the Beginning, and Bliss; He is the light of wisdom for the celestial beings. Those who have experienced Him perceive the light within; the true Sage resides in that inner consciousness." (Tantiram 1, Verse: 1).
This deep state of spiritual wisdom (Jnana) in the soul aligns with Freud’s concept of the unconscious mind. This comparative study analyzes the psychological insights offered by Thirumandhiram alongside Freudian theories, establishing Thirumandhiram as one of the world's foremost ancient texts on psychology.
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References
19 references- A. Tamil Works (Thirumandiram and Saiva Related)
- 1. Annamalai, S. Saiva Siddhantam: Or Arimugam (Saiva Siddhanta: An Introduction). Manivasagar Pathippagam, 2008.
- 2. Azhagappa Rasu, So. Thirumandiram: Oru Panmuga Paarvai (Thirumandiram: A Multi-dimensional View). International Institute of Tamil Studies, 2012.
- 3. Paramasivam, K. Siddhargal Kanda Ulaviyal (Psychology Seen by Siddhars). New Century Book House, 2001.
- 4. Ramakrishnan, H. Thirumoolarum Ulaviyalum (Thirumoolar and Psychology). Sarada Pathippagam, 2015.
- 5. Subramania Pillai, Ka. Saiva Siddhantha Vilakkam (Explanation of Saiva Siddhanta). Poompuhar Pathippagam, 2005.
- 6. Thirumoolar. Thirumandiram (Complete) Moolamum Urayum (Thirumandiram: Text and Commentary). Translated/Commentary by P. Ramanathan, Gugan Pathippagam, 1996.
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- B. Translated and Psychology Works (Freudian Related)
- 1. Freud, Sigmund. Kanavugalin Paguppaayu (The Interpretation of Dreams). Translated by R. B. Rao, Kalachuvadu Pathippagam, 2008.
- 2. Freud, Sigmund. Paaliyal Thathuvamum Mana Kotpaadum (Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality). Translated by S. Venkatesan, Ethir Veliyedu, 2012.
- 3. Jagadeesan, A. Naveena Ulaviyal Arignargal: Freud Mudhal Maslow Varai (Modern Psychologists: From Freud to Maslow). Bharathi Pathippagam, 2018.
- 4. "Thirumandirathin Ulaviyal Sindhanaigal - Oru Madhippeedhu" (Psychological Thoughts of Thirumandiram - An Evaluation). Tamilmanam Journal (E-version), UGC Care Listed Journal, 2024.
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- C. English References
- 1. Freud, Sigmund. Beyond the Pleasure Principle. International Psychoanalytical Press, 1920.
- 2. Freud, Sigmund. The Ego and the Id. Standard ed., W. W. Norton & Company, 1960.
- 3. Jung, Carl G. Modern Man in Search of a Soul. Routledge Classics, 2001.
- 4. Siddhantakar, S. Psychology in Thirumandiram: An Analytical Study. Siddhanta Publications, 2010.
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