CHOLAS ADMINISTRATIVE SIGNIFICANCE IN COIMBATORE REGION

Abstract

The political and administrative history of the Kongu country (modern-day Coimbatore, Erode, Salem, and surrounding regions) occupies a unique position in Tamil history due to its geographical location between the Chera, Chola, and Pandya kingdoms. This article examines the administrative significance of the Kongu Cholas from the 10th to the 13th centuries A.D., specifically focusing on the period between Vira Chola I and Vikrama Chola III.

Drawing evidence from temple inscriptions and copper plates, the study details a hierarchical governance structure consisting of central, nadu (micro-region), and local divisions. While the monarchy was hereditary and exercised significant authority over land revenue and judicial matters, the administration was heavily decentralized. Vital roles were played by village assemblies (Sabhas and Urs), which functioned as "little republics" managing local justice, irrigation, and taxation. Furthermore, the article explores the specialized military organization of the region, characterized by distinct senior and junior divisions (Mutha and Ilaiya samarkkattu) and the recruitment of diverse forces like the Malayalapadai. Ultimately, the Kongu Chola government is presented as an efficient monarchy tempered by democratic local institutions that reflected the customary practices of the era.