Tamilmanam International Research Journal of Tamil Studies

Akam poems (interior/love poetry) emerged as an expansive literary form centered on domestic life and internal thoughts, beautifully illustrating the lifestyle of the ancient Tamils. Kurunthogai is considered a vital collection within Sangam literature. Known for its concise lines and precise delivery of ideas, it is recognized as the first among the Ettuthogai (Eight Anthologies) to be compiled. Compiled by Purikko, Kurunthogai consists of 401 poems, including the celebratory invocation to God, and is often honored with the epithet "Nalla" (The Good Kurunthogai).

Sangam literature reveals that people followed cultural and lifestyle practices dictated by their specific geographical landscapes (Thinai). Based on the five-fold classification of land, people organized their lives according to their needs, and Akam literature serves as a mirror to these life experiences. The fundamental elements of this literary genre are Muthal (Primary source: land and time), Karu (Environmental objects/native elements), and Uri (Human emotions/conduct).

Grounded in these elements, Tholkappiyar explains the way of life across the five Thinais centered on love. While Muthalporul is divided into land and season/time, Karupporul encompasses everything from deities to musical notes. Uripporul expresses the specific codes of conduct for each landscape—ranging from union and pining to separation. The objective of this research paper is to analyze the Kurunthogai poems written by the Sangam women poets Kachippettu Nannagaiyar (Poem 8) and Avvaiyar (Poem 15) through the lens of these Akathinai principles.