Tamilmanam International Research Journal of Tamil Studies

This study explores the Guru–Shishya relationship and teaching techniques in traditional education, focusing on the characteristics and responsibilities of the Guru and the traits of the student (Shishya). The research highlights the pedagogical methods employed by Gurus, including direct instruction, experiential learning, art-based guidance (with a focus on Bharatanatyam), Socratic questioning, and individualized mentorship. The study further examines the socio-cultural dimensions of this relationship, emphasizing how the Guru’s guidance influences the intellectual, ethical, spiritual, and artistic development of the student. Drawing on classical texts, Bharatanatyam educational treatises, and contemporary educational research, the study illustrates the enduring relevance of the Guru–Shishya tradition in fostering holistic development and preserving cultural heritage. Overall, this research demonstrates that the Guru–Shishya relationship serves as a foundational pedagogical model, integrating knowledge transmission, moral and ethical guidance, cultural continuity, and student development within a social and educational context.