Tamilmanam International Research Journal of Tamil Studies

Lord Shiva, the Supreme Being of Saivism, manifests not only in the formless and form-and-formless state (Aruvuuruva) of the Shiva Lingam but also assumes various physical forms (Uruva) through divine plays (Thiruvilaiyadal) to protect living beings and establish righteousness. While the forms assumed by the Lord are categorized into sixty-four in total, twenty-five primary Shiva manifestations (Maheswara Murthams) are classified as the most significant among them.

This research paper meticulously analyzes the iconographic structures, mythological and divine incarnation backgrounds, the spiritual benefits attained by devotees through worshipping these specific manifestations, and their primary shrines of worship. The paper elaborately discusses the philosophical meanings of the 25 forms—including Sri Chandrasekhara, Sri Nataraja (Sadanritta Murthi), Sri Ardhanarishwara, and Sri Dakshinamurthi—alongside the historical-mythological backgrounds where the pride of deities like Brahma and Vishnu was subdued.

Furthermore, this exposition is enriched by integrating Chola period bronzes, their metallurgical backgrounds, comparative iconographical studies of the Pallava, Hoysala, and Vijayanagara royal dynasties, the Talamana measurement rules of the Sritattvanidhi, and iconographic evidence found in the Thevaram Thirumurai hymns. This study serves as an essential guide to understanding Saivite sculptural art, iconography, and traditions of worship.