பல்லுயிர் பாதுகாப்பு நோக்கில் தொல்காப்பிய ஐந்திணைக் கோட்பாடுகள் – ஓர் சூழலியல் ஆய்வு

Biodiversity Conservation in the Tolkāppiyam’s Ainthinai Framework : An Ecological Study

Abstract

Tolkāppiyam, the ancient grammatical text of Tamil, not only explains linguistic grammar but also records the geography, lifestyle, culture, and natural environment of the Tamil people. In particular, the Ainthinai (Five Landscapes) concept presented in the Porulatikaram is a significant framework that reveals the close relationship between the natural environment and human life. The five landscapes—Kurinji, Mullai, Marutham, Neithal, and Palai—are characterized by distinctive geographical features, climatic conditions, plants, animals, birds, water resources, occupations, and ways of life. This study examines the Ainthinai concept in Tolkāppiyam from the perspective of modern ecology and biodiversity conservation. By analysing the natural elements and biological diversity associated with each landscape, the study highlights the ecological knowledge and nature-oriented thinking of the ancient Tamils. It demonstrates that the Ainthinai classification reflects an integrated understanding of the interrelationship between humans, nature, and biodiversity, offering valuable insights for contemporary environmental conservation and sustainable living.