Tamilmanam Journal

The contribution of women to the Buddhist Sangha marks a significant turning point in religious and social history. The Sangha women, or Bhikkhunis, challenged traditional gender biases by demanding freedom and equality in their spiritual journeys. This research article explores the independent voices of these Sangha women, discussing their contributions and the challenges they faced. Through their intellectual and spiritual achievements, Sangha women gained respect within the Sangha. The Therigatha, a collection of verses, reflects the spiritual experiences of the Bhikkhunis. These verses highlight the inner freedom of women and their contributions to society. Sangha women faced many challenges in achieving their independence. Despite traditional gender discrimination and social opposition, they raised their voices. This struggle continues in modern-day efforts to revive the Bhikkhuni lineage. In today's Buddhist communities, the contribution of Sangha women is gaining importance. Global efforts for gender equality and social justice further amplify the independent voices of Bhikkhunis. These efforts have the potential to adapt Buddhism to the needs of modern society. The independent voices of Sangha women are a crucial chapter in the history of Buddhism. Their contributions and struggles have paved the way for spiritual equality and social justice. This study provides a foundation for understanding the freedom of Sangha women and continuing the campaign for gender equality.