Tamilmanam Journal

The enduring glory of Tamil art and culture, spanning millennia, finds vibrant expression in its diverse artistic traditions. Ancient Tamil kingdoms boast a rich artistic heritage, where literature and painting intertwine to create a vibrant cultural expression. Examining literary evidence from Sangam period texts, the article highlights the prevalence and importance of painting in ancient Tamil society, evidenced by references to diverse painting instances. This research article probes into the rich artistic heritage of Tamil Nadu, focusing on a single, often untouched mural, "Sage Teaching the Disciples," within the Brihadeeswara Temple in Thanjavur. While the temple's murals are renowned, this study aims to decode the narrative and symbolic elements of this particular painting, situating it within the broader context of Tamil art. Through detailed description and interpretation, the article deciphers the possible essence of the painting.

The contribution of women to the Buddhist Sangha marks a significant turning point in religious and social history. The Sangha women, or Bhikkhunis, challenged traditional gender biases by demanding freedom and equality in their spiritual journeys. This research article explores the independent voices of these Sangha women, discussing their contributions and the challenges they faced. Through their intellectual and spiritual achievements, Sangha women gained respect within the Sangha. The Therigatha, a collection of verses, reflects the spiritual experiences of the Bhikkhunis. These verses highlight the inner freedom of women and their contributions to society. Sangha women faced many challenges in achieving their independence. Despite traditional gender discrimination and social opposition, they raised their voices. This struggle continues in modern-day efforts to revive the Bhikkhuni lineage. In today's Buddhist communities, the contribution of Sangha women is gaining importance. Global efforts for gender equality and social justice further amplify the independent voices of Bhikkhunis. These efforts have the potential to adapt Buddhism to the needs of modern society. The independent voices of Sangha women are a crucial chapter in the history of Buddhism. Their contributions and struggles have paved the way for spiritual equality and social justice. This study provides a foundation for understanding the freedom of Sangha women and continuing the campaign for gender equality.

Just as eyelids are vital for protecting the eye, the hijab holds a similar significance for women. God created eyelids not to imprison the eyes or diminish their beauty, but to safeguard them. Similarly, the hijab, mandated by God for women, is not intended to subjugate or confine them to their homes. Instead, it serves as a protective barrier, safeguarding their dignity and moral character. The word "hijab" itself translates to "covering" or "screening." In the context of Islamic Sharia, it refers to the garment that conceals the parts of a woman's body that are obligatory to cover. In our country, this covering is referred to by various names, such as burqa, dupatta, and other similar terms. Interestingly, in Arabic, "hijab" is also the term used for eyelashes. Just as eyelashes protect the eye, the hijab is intended to safeguard a woman's chastity and honor. The hijab is far more than just a piece of clothing. It is a symbol of morality, an expression of dignity, and a shield of protection. It represents a conscious choice to prioritize inner virtues over outward appearances and to be judged on merit and intellect rather than physical allure.

A country located in Northeast Asia, Koreans are similar to Tamils ​​in language, culture, and traditions. It is known through archaeological researches that Tamil script, Brahmi, cursive script was used in many archaeological monuments such as inscriptions, coins, middle stones and meikirthi found so far in the Tamil writing system. This typeface is similar in appearance to the Hangul typeface that may be found in Korea in some places and slightly different in others. This review paper is designed to examine the literary connection between the Tamil language and the Korean language as a focus.

Progress hinges on adaptation. Technology, thought, processes, art, and culture all evolve, gaining relevance through transformation. History teaches us that stagnation leads to decay and eventual obsolescence. This truth applies to language as much as anything else. Modern Tamil has diverged significantly from the language of two millennia ago, reflecting shifts in lifestyle and circumstances. However, the foundational grammars that govern the language haven't kept pace. While calls for modernization emerge periodically, actual implementation lags. This paper explores the vital opportunities, norms, and methodologies for developing a new grammar that aligns with contemporary usage, prepares the language for future generations, and elevates Tamil on a global scale, all while respecting and building upon its classical foundations.

Tamil literature boasts a long and vibrant history, nurtured by a multitude of poets spanning from the ancient Sangam period to the present day. A key collection within this tradition is the Patheenenkeezhkanakku, a set of eighteen minor works that significantly influenced ethical and moral thinking. Among these, Thiruvalluvar's Thirukkural is renowned for its articulation of universal ethical principles; closely related is Naladiyar. As the foremost of the eleven ethical texts in the Patheenenkeezhkanakku, Naladiyar employs the venpa poetic form, traditionally used for conveying moral instruction. The name "Naladiyar" itself indicates its structure: each verse consists of four lines. This exploration will focus on the significance and lasting value of this important work.

For two millennia, Tamil literature has reflected the life, culture, and both inner and outer experiences of the Tamil land through the voices of both men and women. While the number of works by women is comparatively small, female poets hold a significant place in the Tamil literary tradition and boast a long and notable lineage. Despite this rich heritage, the undeniably pervasive patriarchal mindset within Tamil society has historically limited women's opportunities, confining them to domestic roles and restricting their access to education. This analysis draws upon narratives found in Prema's 2004 collection, Feminist Stories.